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Nata [24]
3 years ago
6

As NH4Cl dissolves in water, and cools the solution,

Chemistry
1 answer:
azamat3 years ago
5 0

Answer:

d. delta H is positive, and delta S is positive

Explanation:

The process of dissolution of NH4Cl is:

NH4Cl(s) → NH4+(aq) + Cl-(aq)

As the solution is cooled, the process is absorbing energy, that means ΔH > 0. (ΔH < 0 when the heat is released).

As there are produced 2 ions from 1 solid molecule, the disorder is increasing and ΔS > 0

The right answer is:

<h3>d. delta H is positive, and delta S is positive</h3>
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Given these reactions, where X represents a generic metal or metalloid 1 ) H 2 ( g ) + 1 2 O 2 ( g ) ⟶ H 2 O ( g ) Δ H 1 = − 241
anygoal [31]

Answer : The enthalpy of the given reaction will be, -1048.6 kJ

Explanation :

According to Hess’s law of constant heat summation, the heat absorbed or evolved in a given chemical equation is the same whether the process occurs in one step or several steps.

The main reaction is:

XCl_4(s)+2H_2O(l)\rightarrow XO_2(s)+4HCl(g)    \Delta H=?

The intermediate balanced chemical reactions are:

(1) H_2(g)+\frac{1}{2}O_2(g)\rightarrow H_2O(g)     \Delta H_1=-241.8kJ

(2) X(s)+2Cl_2(g)\rightarrow XCl_4(s)    \Delta H_2=+461.9kJ

(3) \frac{1}{2}H_2(g)+\frac{1}{2}Cl_2(g)\rightarrow HCl(g)    \Delta H_3=-92.3kJ

(4) X(s)+O_2(g)\rightarrow XO_2(s)    \Delta H_4=-789.1kJ

(5) H_2O(g)\rightarrow H_2O(l)    \Delta H_5=-44.0kJ

Now reversing reaction 2, multiplying reaction 3 by 4, reversing reaction 1 and multiplying by 2, reversing reaction 5 and multiplying by 2 and then adding all the equations, we get :

(1) 2H_2O(g)\rightarrow 2H_2(g)+O_2(g)     \Delta H_1=2\times 241.8kJ=483.6kJ

(2) XCl_4(s)\rightarrow X(s)+2Cl_2(g)    \Delta H_2=-461.9kJ

(3) 2H_2(g)+2Cl_2(g)\rightarrow 4HCl(g)    \Delta H_3=4\times -92.3kJ=-369.2kJ

(4) X(s)+O_2(g)\rightarrow XO_2(s)    \Delta H_4=-789.1kJ

(5) 2H_2O(l)\rightarrow 2H_2O(g)    \Delta H_5=2\times 44.0kJ=88.0kJ

The expression for enthalpy of main reaction will be:

\Delta H=\Delta H_1+\Delta H_2+\Delta H_3+\Delta H_4+\Delta H_5

\Delta H=(483.6)+(-461.9)+(-369.2)+(-789.1)+(88.0)

\Delta H=-1048.6kJ

Therefore, the enthalpy of the given reaction will be, -1048.6 kJ

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Atoms in covalent bonds do combine so as to be stable. As covalent bond consist non metals e.g O2 in this example each atom has vacance of 2 orbitals/ electrons so shairing electrons result their stability
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Second question is number 4.

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  • If the product is carbon dioxide, the combustion is complete.
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