It means it is an ion. It has lost two protons making it a positive ion.
Answer: The new pressure of the gas in Pa is 388462
Explanation:
Combined gas law is the combination of Boyle's law, Charles's law and Gay-Lussac's law.
The combined gas equation is,

where,
= initial pressure of gas at STP = 
= final pressure of gas = ?
= initial volume of gas = 700.0 ml
= final volume of gas = 200.0 ml
= initial temperature of gas = 273 K
= final temperature of gas = 
Now put all the given values in the above equation, we get:


The new pressure of the gas in Pa is 388462
The heavy atom count of a casein molecule is 143 I believe