The eroded rock and soil materials that are transported downstream by a river are called its load. A river transports, or carries, its load in three different ways: in solution, in suspension, and in its bed load.
Mineral matter that has been dissolved from bedrock is carried in solution. Common minerals carried in solution by rivers include dissolved calcium, magnesium, and bicarbonate. Most of a river’s solution load comes from groundwater seeping into the river. Before it reaches the stream,thegroundwaterhastraveledthroughfracturesinthebedrock, chemically eroding rock along the way.
When river water looks muddy, it is carrying rock material in suspension. Suspended material includes clay, silt, and fine sand. Although these suspended materials are heavier than water, the turbulence of the stream flow stirs them up and keeps them from sinking. Turbulence includes swirls and eddies that form in water as a result of friction between the stream and its channel. The faster a stream flows, the more turbulent and muddy it becomes. A rough or irregular channel also increases turbulence.
A river may also transport rock materials in its bed load. The bed load consists of sand, pebbles, and boulders that are too heavy to be carried in suspension. These heavier materials are moved along the streambed, especially during floods. Boulders and pebbles roll or slide along the river bed. Large sand grains are pushed along the bottom in a series of jumps and bounces.
The relative amounts of a river’s load that are carried in solution, in suspension, and in the bed load depend on the nature of the river, the climate, the type of bedrock, and the season of the year. As a general rule, most of the load carried by the world’s streams and rivers is carried in suspension. The size of a river’s suspended load increases with human land use. Road and building construction and removal of vegetation make it easier for rain to wash sediment into streams and rivers.
Answer:
The ability of water molecules to form hydrogen bonds with other water molecules and water's ability to dissolve substances that have charges or partial charges are <u>due to water's partial charges.</u>
Explanation:
The partial negative charge on oxygen and partial positive charge on hydrogen enables them to make hydrogen bond and also makes it to dissolve the the other substances having partial charges.
Answer:
(a) 0.3778 eV
(b) Ratio = 0.0278
Explanation:
The Bohr's formula for the calculation of the energy of the electron in nth orbit is:
(a) The energy of the electron in n= 6 excited state is:
Ionisation energy is the amount of this energy required to remove the electron. Thus, |E| = 0.3778 eV
(b) For first orbit energy is:
Ratio = 0.0278
This is the same question as the one previously but with more details, so I will just use my previous answer.
1800 to 1820 is 20 minutes.1830 to 1838 is 8 minutes.1840 to 1905 is 25 minutes.
The total time travelled is 20+8+25 = 53 minutes = 3180 seconds.
The distance between Glasgow and Edinburgh is 28 + 12 + 34 = 74 km = 74000 m.
So, the average speed is 74000m/3180s = 23.27 m/s (4 s.f.)
