Answer:
1. E x 4πr² = ( Q x r³) / ( R³ x ε₀ )
Explanation:
According to the problem, Q is the charge on the non conducting sphere of radius R. Let ρ be the volume charge density of the non conducting sphere.
As shown in the figure, let r be the radius of the sphere inside the bigger non conducting sphere. Hence, the charge on the sphere of radius r is :
Q₁ = ∫ ρ dV
Here dV is the volume element of sphere of radius r.
Q₁ = ρ x 4π x ∫ r² dr
The limit of integration is from 0 to r as r is less than R.
Q₁ = (4π x ρ x r³ )/3
But volume charge density, ρ = 
So, 
Applying Gauss law of electrostatics ;
∫ E ds = Q₁/ε₀
Here E is electric field inside the sphere and ds is surface element of sphere of radius r.
Substitute the value of Q₁ in the above equation. Hence,
E x 4πr² = ( Q x r³) / ( R³ x ε₀ )
Answer: C. the elimination of special privileges for members of the first and second estates
Explanation:
The French Revolution was a period of political change in France. The French Revolution led to the proclamation of the first French Republic, radical political and social change, creation of constitutional monarchy, formation of the French consulate etc.
From the options given, the effect of the French Revolution was the the elimination of special privileges for members of the first and second estates. Therefore, the correct option is C.
<span>c. atoms are always in motion..............</span>
To solve this problem we will apply the expression of charge per unit of time in a capacitor with a given resistance. Mathematically said expression is given as

Here,
q = Charge
t = Time
R = Resistance
C = Capacitance
When the charge reach its half value it has passed 10ms, then the equation is,




We know that RC is equal to the time constant, then

Therefore the time constant for the process is about 14ms