Answer:
Generally with successive half-life a new element is formed from the decayed nuclei:
isotope - daughter nucleus has same no. of protons (same atomic number) so the same element is formed in the decay
isotone - daughter nucleus has same number of neutrons so the atomic number has changed and a new element is formed (new atomic number)
isobar - daughter nucleus has same mass number - this could be an example of beta decay where the decayed nucleus has the same mass number but loses a neutron and gains a proton because of the lost electron and a new element is formed with the atomic number increases by 1
Example:
U238 Uranium - alpha to Th234
Th234 Thorium - 2 beta to U234 (back to U but atomic mass less by 4)
U234 Uranium - alpha to Th230
Th230 Thorium - alpha to Ra226
etc. but during beta decay (electron loss) a neutron is lost and a proton gained (answer a)
Answer:

Explanation:
= Permittivity of free space = 
= Distance charge traveled = 2 m
v = Velocity of electron = 420 m/s
E = Electric field
= Mass of electron = 
= Charge of electron = 
As the energy of the system is conserved we have

For an infinite non conducting sheet electric field is given by

The surface charge density is 
<span>A homogeneous mixture would be
something like a solution, where you can't see the different parts of the
mixture. It's like how in salt water, you see one uniform substance (the water).
A heterogeneous mixture is the opposite; you can see the different parts
that make it up. An example would be soil, where you can see rocks and leaves
and the parts that make it up, etc</span>
Answer:
Waves carry energy from one place to another. Because waves carry energy, some waves are used for communication, eg radio and television waves and mobile telephone signals. Some types of waves need to be transmitted through matter, either a solid, liquid or a gas. For example, water waves have to travel in water.
Answer:
Option b. Dark spot
Explanation:
Michelson interferometer gives the path difference of the light as path difference, d as twice the distance moved or covered by the mirror
, x and is given as:
d= 2x
Since, its an even multiple, we obtain a bright fringe
now, when the move half the distance, i.e., 
Therefore, the path difference for half the distance
is:
d = x
As it is clear that its an odd multiple which correspond to dark spot as the final image