Organize the following list of elements from highest to lowest Ionization Energy:

1 answer:

7 0

Answer: The list of elements from highest to lowest Ionization Energy is Nitrogen > Phosphorus > Arsenic > Antimony > Bismuth.

Explanation:

The amount of energy required to remove the most loosely bound electron from an isolated gaseous atom or ion is called ionization energy.

Element with a half-filled orbital requires much more energy to remove an electron. This is because element with a half-filled electronic configuration is the most stable in nature.

More stable or tightly electrons are bound to the nucleus of an atom more will be its ionization energy. This also means that smaller is the atom higher will be its ionization energy.

When we move from top to bottom in a group the size of atom increases and the attraction between nucleus of atom and its valence electrons decreases. Hence, less will be the ionization energy.

Therefore, ionization energy decreases on moving down a group.

So, the given elements Phosphorus, Bismuth, Arsenic, Antimony, Nitrogen are all group 15 elements. Hence, decreasing order of their ionization energy is as follows.

Nitrogen > Phosphorus > Arsenic > Antimony > Bismuth

Thus, we can conclude that the list of elements from highest to lowest Ionization Energy is Nitrogen > Phosphorus > Arsenic > Antimony > Bismuth.

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While ethanol is produced naturally by fermentation, e.g. in beer- and wine-making, industrially it is synthesized by reacting e

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The question is incomplete, here is the complete question:

While ethanol is produced naturally by fermentation, e.g. in beer- and wine-making, industrially it is synthesized by reacting ethylene with water vapor at elevated temperatures.

A chemical engineer studying this reaction fills a 1.5 L flask at 12°C with 1.8 atm of ethylene gas and 4.7 atm of water vapor. When the mixture has come to equilibrium she determines that it contains 1.16 atm of ethylene gas and 4.06 atm of water vapor.

The engineer then adds another 1.2 atm of ethylene, and allows the mixture to come to equilibrium again. Calculate the pressure of ethanol after equilibrium is reached the second time. Round your answer to 2 significant digits.

Answer: The partial pressure of ethanol after equilibrium is reached the second time is 1.0 atm

Explanation:

We are given:

Initial partial pressure of ethylene gas = 1.8 atm

Initial partial pressure of water vapor = 4.7 atm

Equilibrium partial pressure of ethylene gas = 1.16 atm

Equilibrium partial pressure of water vapor = 4.06 atm

The chemical equation for the reaction of ethylene gas and water vapor follows:

$CH_2CH_2(g)+H_2O(g)\rightleftharpoons CH_3CH_2OH(g)$