B. Orbit. The planets orbit the sun, the moon orbits earth, etc.
I would say the atmosphere because air and oxygen are essential for human life however it is debatable. You should check out this prezi and judge for yourself which sphere is effected the most from forest fires based on the descriptions on how a forest fire effects all four spheres.
https://prezi.com/m/50ogw-qsyoxc/the-four-spheres/
Force is calculated F=m×a.
If both ships speed up with the same force, but have a different mass, This means that a also has to be different. If F is the same but ship a has a bigger mass(m) than ship b, then the acceleration(a) of ship b has to be bigger so F of each ship is the same. So the ship with the smaller mass will speed up faster.