What is the benefit of substrate channeling? The PDH active site forms in the hydrophobic core of the complex instead of a surfa
ce‑exposed region. Reaction intermediates move to sequential active sites faster than the diffusion constant. Every intermediate or product made by the PDH complex enters the citric acid cycle as a substrate. The PDH complex sequesters excess substrate to use at later time. Intermediates of a multistep reaction sequence do not dissociate from the enzyme complex.
Intermediates of a multistep reaction sequence do not dissociate from the enzyme complex.
Explanation:
Substrate channeling is the process in which intermediates produced in an enzymatic reaction is transferred to another enzyme or active in a reaction pathway without the substrate having to dissociate from the enzymes active sites into the reaction medium or solution.
Benefits of substrate channeling include:
intermediates of a multistep reaction sequence do not diffuse away from the catalytic sites of enzymes in the pathway thereby ensuring that their concentration remains high
there is greater control of the flow metabolites in the pathway
other competing enzymes for a common substrate do not make use of the substrates
increased efficiency of the catalytic process
Substrate channeling is observed in the pyruvate dehydrogenase complex reaction which oxidizes pyruvate to acetyl-CoA.
The bracket just separate an atom or the ion and in the above it means there are two hydroxide molecules so bracket function is just to separate ions and molecules hope it helps
Adaptation refers to the process in which animal or plant species becomes fitted to the environment. This occurs as a result of genetic changes or mutations.
Adaptations may be, behavioral, psychological or structural. Behavioral adaptations are responses made by an organism which help it to survive.
Psychological adaptations are body processes that helps and organism to survive or reproduce, while structural adaptations are features of the body of organisms which helps it survive or reproduce.
Answer: The aluminium trihalide assists in the heterolytic bond fission of the bromine molecule.
Explanation:
The electrophilic aromatic bromination of acetalinide with molecular bromine requires the formation of Br+. This specie is formed when an Aluminum trihalide reacts with bromine. The Br-Br bond breaks heterolytically such that charged species are produced. This Br+ participates in the electrophilic aromatic substitution and AlX4- is formed where X4 shows a tetrahalide complex of aluminium