Low pH = high acidity.
HF has a very low pH, so when added to a solution, it will lower the pH of the solution and therefore make it more acidic. So the answer should be B.
HCI is one of the most common acids out of the following
First we have to find Ka1 and Ka2
pKa1 = - log Ka1 so Ka1 = 0.059
pKa2 = - log Ka2 so Ka2 = 6.46 x 10⁻⁵
Looking at the values of equilibrium constants we can see that the first one is really big compared to second one. so, the pH will be affected mainly by the first ionization of the acid.
Oxalic acid is H₂C₂O₄
H₂C₂O₄ ⇄ H⁺ + HC₂O₄⁻
0.0356 M 0 0
0.0356 - x x x
Ka1 =
![\frac{[H^+][HC2O4^-]}{[H2C2O4]}](https://tex.z-dn.net/?f=%20%5Cfrac%7B%5BH%5E%2B%5D%5BHC2O4%5E-%5D%7D%7B%5BH2C2O4%5D%7D%20)
= x² / 0.0356 - x
x = 0.025 M
pH = - log [H⁺] = - log (0.025) = 1.6
Fossil fuels and unnatural energy sources still dominate in the US, this influences many problems including global warming, climate change, and pollution. Burning fossil fuels is also a problem to human health. And unnatural resources won’t be there forever whereas, renewable sources could last a long time.
During selection of indicator. We choose an indicator which have pH range equivalent to the pH change of reaction to give better result and better observation.
So there are some different indicator are used in table 2 as compared to the table 1.
- Alizarin and phenolphthalein are basic indicator and their pH range is more than 8 so they are used in table 2
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