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2 years ago

How does Gibbs free energy predict spontaneity?

Chemistry

1 answer:

Kaylis [27]2 years ago

5 0

Answer:

Gibbs equation helps us to predict the spontaneity of reaction on the basis of enthalpy and entropy values directly. When the reaction is exothermic, enthalpy of the system is negative making Gibbs free energy negative. Hence, we can say that all exothermic reactions are spontaneous.

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On a planet where the temperature is so high, the ground state of an electron in the hydrogen atom is n = 4. What is the ratio o

kvv77 [185]

Answer:

1:16

Explanation:

The ground state of an electron on the planet is n = 4 compared the ground state of an electron at n =1. For a hydrogen atom, the electron energy level is given as:

$E(n)=\frac{13.6}{n^2}\\ \\Where\ n\ is\ the\ ionization \ energy$

$E(4)=\frac{13.6}{4^2}=\frac{13.6}{16}\\ \\E(1)=\frac{13.6}{1^2}=\frac{13.6}{1}\\ \\The\ ratio\ of\ their\ ionization\ energy=\frac{E(4)}{E(1)} =\frac{\frac{13.6}{16} }{\frac{13.6}{1} } =\frac{1}{16}=1:16$

Hence the ratio of their ionization energies is 1:16

6 0

3 years ago

7. In which environment would liverworts and hornworts grow?

Lelechka [254]

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5 0

3 years ago

What is the equilibrium constant of a reaction?

xeze [42]

Answer:

A. It is the ratio of the concentrations of products to the concentrations of reactants.

Explanation:

The equilibrium constant of a chemical reaction is the ratio of the concentration of products to the concentration of reactants.

This equilibrium constant can be expressed in many different formats.

For any system, the molar concentration of all the species on the right side are related to the molar concentrations of those on the left side by the equilibrium constant.
The equilibrium constant is a constant at a given temperature and it is temperature dependent.
The derivation of the equilibrium constant is based on the law of mass action.
It states that "the rate of a chemical reaction is proportional to the product of the concentration of the reacting substances. "

8 0

3 years ago

What does the second law of thermodynamics say? O A. The entropy of the universe is increasing. B. A system at equilibrium has n

gayaneshka [121]

Answer:

A. The entropy of the universe is increasing.(always)

Explanation:

The Second Law of Thermodynamics states that Entropy cannot decrease, because it keeps increasing and increasing and increasing. It will always stay on the increasing side.

Hope this helps!

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7 0

2 years ago

describe how the discoveries of scientist over time have contributed to our current understanding of atom

Olenka [21]

Answer:

In 1897, the British physicist J. J. Thomson (1856–1940) proved that atoms were not the most basic form of matter. He demonstrated that cathode rays could be deflected, or bent, by magnetic or electric fields, which indicated that cathode rays consist of charged particles (Figure 2.2.2 ). More important, by measuring the extent of the deflection of the cathode rays in magnetic or electric fields of various strengths, Thomson was able to calculate the mass-to-charge ratio of the particles. These particles were emitted by the negatively charged cathode and repelled by the negative terminal of an electric field. Because like charges repel each other and opposite charges attract, Thomson concluded that the particles had a net negative charge; these particles are now called electrons. Most relevant to the field of chemistry, Thomson found that the mass-to-charge ratio of cathode rays is independent of the nature of the metal electrodes or the gas, which suggested that electrons were fundamental components of all atoms.

Explanation:

5 0

3 years ago