Electrostatic repulsion is the force between two charges having the same sign, that tends to separate them further. The force is proportional to the product of the charges, and inversely proportional to the square of the distance between them.
Answer:
.
Explanation:
Let 
denote the absolute temperature of this object.
Calculate the value of before and after heating:
.
.
By the Stefan-Boltzmann Law, the energy that this object emits (over all frequencies) would be proportional to 
.
Ratio between the absolute temperature of this object before and after heating:
.
Therefore, by the Stefan-Boltzmann Law, the ratio between the energy that this object emits before and after heating would be:
.
Explanation:
In local galactic group the force of expansion of universe is overcome by the force of attraction due to gravity. Best example is our own galaxy milky way and another giant galaxy in our local group Andromeda. Andromeda having enormous gravity is pulling milky way towards itself, overcoming the force of expansion.
So, there are possibilities of collision despite the expansion of universe at a rapid pace. It is estimated that the milky way and Andromeda will collide each other after about 50 billion years from now.
