If youre looking for speed the equation would be distance/time
Answer:
Population inversion, in physics, the redistribution of atomic energy levels that takes place in a system so that laser action can occur. Although absorption and emission of energy is a continuous process, the statistical distribution (population) of atoms in the various energy states is constant. ...
laser inversion is photon that can stimulate the production of other photons of exactly the same wavelength because of stimulated emission of radiation.
Explanation:
Okay. I'm willing to do that. But first you'll have to tell me something about the sample in question 3.
Answer:
m = 4.44 [g]
Explanation:
This is a problem related to heat transfer and thermodynamics. The second law of thermodynamics tells us that heat goes in only one direction, from the highest temperature substance to the lowest temperature. In this case the heat goes from tea to ice. The heat transfer process could be defined as the heat rejection of one body will be equal to the Heat received by another body.

Where:
m = mass = 177[g] = 0.177[kg]
Cp = specific heat = 4186 [J/kg*C]
T_f = 29.1 [°C]
Ti = 31.1 [°C]
Q = 0.177*4186*(29.1 - 31.1)
Q = - 1481.8 [J]
Note: The negative sign means that the heat is rejected.
Recall that the heat rejected is equal to the heat transferred
As the ice is going through a phase change, the fusion latent heat should be used, i.e. when it passes from solid to liquid. The heat transfer for this process is calculated with the following expression.
Qin = m *hf
m = mass of the ice [kg]
hf = Fusion latent heat = 333700 [J/kg]
1481.8 = m * 333700
m = 0.00444 [kg] = 4.44 [g]
Explanation:
The junction rule says that the sum of the currents going into a junction must equal the sum of the currents leaving a junction. This describes the conservation of current.