A.
Because you increase the concentration of the reactants, it means that there are more molecules of the reactants present in a smaller amount of space.
This being the case, there is a higher chance that these molecules will collide with enough energy to overcome the activation barrier.
The other ones are completely wrong, but if you would like an explanation as to why they are, just ask :)
The more it is Red shifted.
Refractive index(n)= speed of light in vacuum/ speed of light in medium.
Since refractive index is 1.11, and usually we know that the speed of light is 300,000km/s, simply divide 300,000km/s over 1.11. That is, 270,270.2703 when simply rounding, its 270,270 km/s.