The correct option is D.
Lumen is used to quantify the amount of total light energy that a source is putting out in all direction, thus, it refers to luminous output of a light source. Initial lumen refers to the luminosity of a light when it was first turned on; the luminosity is highest at this point.
Answer:
51.2 J, 86.2 J, 137.4 J
Explanation:
The kinetic energy of the ball is given by:

where
m = 0.40 kg is its mass
v = 16 m/s is its speed
Substituting,

The potential energy of the ball is given by

where
m = 0.40 kg
is the acceleration of gravity
h = 22 m is the heigth of the cliff
Substituting,

Finally, the total mechanical energy is the sum of the kinetic energy and the potential energy:

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C. Series
Consider resistors in a circuit - if all the resistors in the circuit are in series and one of the resistors fails then no current can flow thru the circuit,
If the resistors are in parallel then then each resistor experiences the same voltage drop regardless of whether or not any resistor in particular is carrying current.