Answer: penetration is the ability of an electron in a given orbital to approach the nucleus closely. Shielding refers to the fact that core electrons reduce the degree of nuclear attraction felt by the orbital electrons. Shielding is the opposite of penetration. The most penetrating orbital is the least screening orbital. The order of increasing shielding effect/decreasing penetration is s<p<d<f.
Explanation:
The order of penetrating power is 1s>2s>2p>3s>3p>4s>3d>4p>5s>4d>5p>6s>4f....
Since the 3p orbital is more penetrating than the 3d orbital, it will lie nearer to the nucleus and thus possess lower energy.
Answer : The correct option is, (b) occur when there is more free energy in the reactants than the products.
Explanation :
Endergonic reactions : It i defined as the reaction in which the energy is absorbed during the reaction.
In endergonic reactions, the Gibbs free energy of product is lower than the reactants. That means, ΔG > 0 and the reaction is non-spontaneous.
Exergonic reactions : It i defined as the reaction in which the energy is released during the reaction.
In exergonic reactions, the Gibbs free energy of product is greater than the reactants. That means, ΔG < 0 and the reaction is spontaneous.
Hence, the endergonic reactions is occur when there is more free energy in the reactants than the products.
673.5 in scientific notation would be 6.735 X 10^2.
We can express the rate equation in this form:
-r = k A^n B^m
where -r is the rate
k is the rate constant,
A is the concentration of CH3Cl
n is the order with respect to CH3Cl
B is the concentration of H2O
m is the order with respect to H2O
We can solve this by trial and error or by calculus. The first method is easier. The rate constant does not depend on the concentration of the reactant. Assume values of n and m and solve for k in each experiment. The only option that gives really close values of k in each experiment is:
<span>C. CH3Cl: firstorder H2O: second order
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