Two physical systems are in thermal equilibrium if no heat flows between them when they are connected by a path permeable to heat. Thermal equilibrium obeys the zeroth law of thermodynamics. A system is said to be in thermal equilibrium with itself if the temperature within the system is spatially and temporally uniform.
Systems in thermodynamic equilibrium are always in thermal equilibrium, but the converse is not always true. If the connection between the systems allows transfer of energy as heat but does not allow transfer of matter or transfer of energy as work, the two systems may reach thermal equilibrium without reaching thermodynamic equilibrium.
Answer:
The magnitude of the charge on each sphere is 0.135 μC
Explanation:
Given that,
Mass = 1.0
Distance = 2.0 cm
Acceleration = 414 m/s²
We need to calculate the magnitude of charge
Using newton's second law


Put the value of F

Put the value into the formula





Hence, The magnitude of the charge on each sphere is 0.135μC.
Answer:
B. An electric current into a magnetic field
Explanation:
The generation of electrical power requires relative motion between a magnetic field and a conductor. In a generator, mechanical energy is converted into electrical energy. The electricity produced by most generators is in the form of alternating current.