Nitrogen fixation is the process that makes atmospheric nitrogen available to plants by mutualistic and free-living bacteria. The process is undertaken by the rhizobium bacteria that live in root roots of plants such as legumes. The mutualistic relationship is that the plant supplies the bacteria with a habitat in which to live, water, and nutrients, and the bacteria supply nitrogen for making plant proteins.
On the outermost layer of the rings (where the electrons are)
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What changes do you notice? The white you see have undergone coral bleaching. At high temperatures, corals may lose their zooxanthellae, causing corals to lose their color and their main source of food. Once bleaching occurs, the coral colony usually dies.
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are a result of hydrogen bonding.
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The <em>surface tension</em><em> is the amount of energy required to stretch or increase the surface of a liquid by a unit area</em>. <u>Liquids that have strong intermolecular forces also have high surface tensions.</u> Thus, because of hydrogen bonding, water has a considerably greater surface tension than most other liquids.
Another example of surface tension is capillary action. A thin film of water adheres to the wall of the glass tube. The surface tension of water causes this film to contract, and as it does, it pulls the water up the tube. Two types of forces bring about capillary action.
One is <em>cohesion</em><em>, which is the intermolecular attraction between like molecules (in this case, the water molecules)</em>. The second force, called <em>adhesion</em><em>, is an attraction between unlike molecules, such as those in water and in the sides of a glass tube</em>. If adhesion is stronger than cohesion, the contents of the tube will be pulled upward. This process continues until the adhesive force is balanced by the weight of the water in the tube.
This <u>characteristics of water are a consequence of a particularly strong type of intermolecular attraction, called the </u><u>hydrogen bond</u><u>, which is a special type of dipole-dipole interaction between the hydrogen atom in a polar bond, such as N-H, O-H, or F-H, and an electronegative O, N, or F atom.</u>