The law says any object resist any change in their state of motion unless subjected to an external force. In this case the penny stay in it's position of rest and falls in the cup. While the card, that is subjected to external force, change its state.
Answer:

Explanation:
= Permittivity of free space = 
= Surface charge density = 
= 0.57-0.26
q = Charge = 
m = Mass of object = 
Electric field due to a sheet is given by

Electric field is given by

Voltage is given by

Kinetic energy is given by


The initial speed of the object is 
I don’t really understand what you are asking but i believe that math is important to giving science power without math it’s wouldn’t really be a thing yk but i don’t i understood what’s your asking ?
Answer:
3. less than the kinetic energy of thesilly putty before the collision.
Explanation:
This is because kinetic energy is dependent on the mass and velocity of an object. Mathematically, it is given as:
K. E. = ½*m*v²
Where m = mass
v = velocity
In the case of the silly putty, we know that the masses of the ball of silly putty and the bowling ball are conserved, hence, the kinetic energy depends solely on the velocity at which the object moves.
After the collision with the bowling ball, because of how heavy a bowling ball is, the speed of the silly putty and bowling ball will definitely be less than the speed of the silly putty before collision, i. e. u > v.
Hence, the kinetic energy after collision will be less than the kinetic energy before collision.