Answer:
Explanation:
The atomic radius of elements are used to estimate the sizes of elements. The atomic radius is taken as half of the inter-nuclear distance between two covalently bonded atoms of non-metallic elements or half of the distance between two nuclei in the solid state of metals.
To solve this problem we will obtain the atomic radius values of the given elements from a standard atomic radius table;
Si 111 pm
P 98 pm
Cl 79 pm
S 87pm
pm = picometer
We see that chlorine has the least atomic radius
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Carbon dioxide has a total of 16 valence electrons. 1. To determine the number of valence electrons of carbon dioxide (CO2), first determine the number of valence electrons of each of the elements in the molecule.
a. We have 1 carbon (C) molecule, and 2 oxygen (O) molecules.
b. The carbon molecule has 4 valence electrons and each oxygen molecule has 6 oxygen molecules.
2. Add up the valence electrons of each of the elements
4 + (2 x 6) = 16
(from C) (2 oxygen molecules, with 6 valence electrons each)
Thus, CO2 has a total of 16 valence electrons.
The number of valence electrons can be more clearly seen from the Lewis structure of the CO2 in the figure below (Source: http://chemistry.tutorvista.com/inorganic-chemistry/bonding-electrons.html). The the dots surrounding the letters represent the valence electrons.
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Answer:25,06 kJ of energy must be added to a 75 g block of ice.
ΔHfusion(H₂O) = 6,01 kJ/mol.
T(H₂O) = 0°C.
m(H₂O) = 75 g.
n(H₂O) = m(H₂O) ÷ M(H₂O).
n(H₂O) = 75 g ÷ 18 g/mol.
n(H₂O) = 4,17 mol.
Q = ΔHfusion(H₂O) · n(H₂O)
Q = 6,01 kJ/mol · 4,17 mol
Q = 25,06 kJ.
Explanation: