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➡Liquid smoke is a water-soluble yellow to red liquid used for flavoring. It is used as a substitute for cooking with wood smoke while retaining a similar flavor. It can be used to flavor any meat or vegetable. It is generally made by condensing the smoke from wood, but can contain any number of food additives.
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The first option is correct. have fun in earth science i love astronomy!! :)
According to Osmotic pressure equation:
π = i M R T
When π =0.307 atm & M = 0.01 mol & R (constant)= 0.0821 L-atom/mol-K &
T= 22+273 = 295 Kelvin
So Van't half vector i = π / (MRT)
= 0.307 / (0.01 * 0.0821 * 295)
= 1.27
When there is no dissociation, i = no. of moles of Hf in 1 L of solution = (1-X)
and when there is a complete dissociation so it is equal 2X according to this equation
HF(aq) + H2O (L) ⇆ H3O (aq) + F (aq)
(1-X) X X
∴ i = (1-X) + (2x)
1.27 = 1+X
∴X= 1.27 - 1 = 0.27
∴ the percent ionization of the acid X = 27 %
If it is located at the second to last row of the periodic table (the halogen family), has seven electrons on it's outer shell, and has an oxidation number of -1, it is a halogen.
Hope this helps : D