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Sedaia [141]
3 years ago
10

In the 1960s through 1980s, a medical filter manufacturer in Ann Arbor discharged 1,4-dioxane (an industrial solvent) directly i

nto the environment, where it ultimately leached into underlying groundwater aquifers. A plume of 1,4-dioxane has been spreading under Ann Arbor and could pose water quality risks if it reaches Barton Pond, which supplies 85% of the city's drinking water.
a) Barton Pond contains 1.5 billion gallons (5.68 million m3) of water and initially contains no 1,4-dioxane. Assume the pond is perfectly mixed with one stream flowing in and out at a rate of 1 m3/s. Suppose the plume enters the pond at a rate of 0.1 m3/s and contains 50 mg/L of 1,4-dioxane, which has a first-order decay constant of 6.4*105 s1. What is the steady-state concentration of 1,4-dioxane in the pond?

b) Local water authorities find a way to divert the plume such that 1,4-dioxane is no longer entering the pond. How long will it take for the 14-dioxane concentration in the pond to reach the Michigan Department of Environmental Quality's new allowable drinking water level of 7.2 ug/L?

c) The EPA classifies 1,4-dioxane as a probable carcinogen with a potency factor of 0.011 (mg/kg/d)1. If the water contains the EPA's allowable limit of 7.2 μg/L of 1,4-dioxane, calculate the carcinogenic risk based on the default EPA exposure factors over a lifetime for ingestion of potable water in an average adult. Is the water safe to drink based on the "rule of thumb" discussed in class?
Engineering
1 answer:
stepladder [879]3 years ago
5 0

Answer:

<u>Option-</u> C

  • In the 1960s through 1980s, a medical filter manufacturer in Ann Arbor discharged 1,4-dioxane (an industrial solvent) directly into the environment, where it ultimately leached into underlying groundwater aquifers. A plume of 1,4-dioxane has been spreading under Ann Arbor and could pose water quality risks if it reaches Barton Pond, which supplies 85% of the city's drinking water. So, we can evaluate the given information by concluding that the  EPA classifies 1,4-dioxane as a probable carcinogen with a potency factor of 0.011 (mg/kg/d)1. If the water contains the EPA's allowable limit of 7.2 μg/L of 1,4-dioxane, calculate the carcinogenic risk based on the default EPA exposure factors over a lifetime for ingestion of potable water in an average adult. Is the water safe to drink based on the "rule of thumb" discussed in class?                                      

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All holly plants are dioecious—a male plant must be planted within 45 to 55 feet of the
mel-nik [20]

Answer:

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Explanation:

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8 0
3 years ago
Steam enters an adiabatic turbine at 10 MPa and 500°C and leaves at 10 kPa with a quality of 90 percent. Neglecting the changes
Anna35 [415]

Answer:

The mass flow rate of steam m=5.4 Kg/s

Explanation:

Given:

  At the inlet of turbine P=10 MPa  ,T=500 C

 AT the exit of turbine  P=10 KPa   ,x=0.9

 Required power=5 MW

From steam table

<u> At 10 MPa and 500 C:</u>

  h=3374 KJ/Kg  ,s=6.59 KJ/Kg-K  (Super heated steam table)

<u>At 10 KPa:</u>

h_g=2675.1 KJ/Kg, h_f=417.51  KJ/Kg

s_g= 7.3  KJ/Kg-K                ,s_f=1.3   KJ/Kg-K

So enthalpy of steam at the exit of turbine

h= h_f+x(h_g- h_f)

Now by putting the values

h= 417.51+0.9(2675.1- 417.51) KJ/Kg

h=2449.34  KJ/Kg

Lets take m is the mass flow rate of steam

So 5\times 10^3=m\times (3374-2449.34)

m=5.4 Kg/s

So the mass flow rate of steam m=5.4 Kg/s

8 0
3 years ago
Ethane (component A - C2H6) and hydrogen (component B) are fed to a differential reactor where they react on the catalyst to for
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4 0
2 years ago
It is said that Archimedes discovered the buoyancy laws when asked by King Hiero of Syracuse to determine whether his new crown
sertanlavr [38]

Answer with Explanation:

The crown will be pure if it's specific gravity is 19.3

Now by definition of specific gravity it is the ratio between the weight of an object to the weight of water of equal volume

Since it is given that the weight of the crown is 11.8 N we need to find it's volume

Now According to Archimedes principle when the crown is immersed into water the water shall exert a force in upwards direction on the crown with a magnitude equaling to weight of the water displaced by the crown

Mathematically this is the difference between the weight of the crown in air and weight when immersed in water

Thus Buoyant force is F_{B}=11.8-10.9=0.9N

Now by Archimedes principle This force equals in magnitude to the weight of water of same volume as of the crown

Thus the specific gravity of the crown equals

S.G=\frac{11.8}{0.9}=13.11

As we see that the specific gravity of the crown material is less than that of pure gold hence we conclude that it is impure.  

4 0
3 years ago
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ollegr [7]

Answer:hmmmmmmmmmm give an hour.

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