Answer:
Equipment Reliability and Maintenance
SUBSTANTIAL CAPITAL investments, in the form of facilities and equipment, are required for manufacturing almost all goods of economic significance. The productivity of these investments is a fundamental element of competition among companies and nations. Events that slow or interrupt the manufacturing process or degrade the product impair the competitiveness of a manufacturing enterprise.
The term equipment reliability and maintenance (ERM) encompasses not only equipment, such as machines, tools, and fixtures, but also the technical, operational, and management activities, ranging from equipment specifications to daily operation and maintenance, required to sustain the performance of manufacturing equipment throughout its useful life. This chapter addresses all causes of diminished or degraded output. The panel considers ERM to be a significant factor in the competitiveness of manufacturing firms, an assessment supported by the case studies in the section on present practice (pp. 57-63).
Historically, the evolution of ERM can be traced from breakdown maintenance and repair to preventive maintenance to predictive maintenance. Breakdown maintenance and repair is the after-the-fact restoration of failed equipment. Preventive maintenance is the systematic servicing of equipment to reduce the possibility of failure. Predictive maintenance, in use in U.S. industry for only four or five years, is usually understood to involve the use of computer software to detect conditions that might eventually lead
This question is not complete, the complete question is;
The stagnation chamber of a wind tunnel is connected to a high-pressure air bottle farm which is outside the laboratory building. The two are connected by a long pipe of 4-in inside diameter. If the static pressure ratio between the bottle farm and the stagnation chamber is 10, and the bottle-farm static pressure is 100 atm, how long can the pipe be without choking? Assume adiabatic, subsonic, one-dimensional flow with a friction coefficient of 0.005
Answer:
the length of the pipe is 11583 in or 965.25 ft
Explanation:
Given the data in the question;
Static pressure ratio; p1/p2 = 10
friction coefficient f = 0.005
diameter of pipe, D =4 inch
first we obtain the value from FANN0 FLOW TABLE for pressure ratio of ( p1/p2 = 10 )so
4fL
/ D = 57.915
we substitute
(4×0.005×L
) / 4 = 57.915
0.005L
= 57.915
L
= 57.915 / 0.005
L
= 11583 in
Therefore, the length of the pipe is 11583 in or 965.25 ft
Answer:
this unseen passage__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Answer:
Depth of field = 347.619 nm
Explanation:
wavelenght = 365nm
N.A =0.63
k1= 0.6
so we have that the resolution limit is:
R=k1*A
R=0.6*365
R=219 nm
and the Depth of field needed for the best resolution is:
DoF = Resolution / N.A.
DoF= R/N.A
DoF= 219/0.63
DoF= 347.619 nm