Answer:
The unit energy losses due to nonconservative forces is 881.40 joules per kilogram.
Explanation:
We can estimate the unit energy losses of gas eruption by Principle of Energy Conservation and Work-Energy Theorem:
(Eq. 1)
Where:
- Gravitational potential energy of gas eruptions at surface, measured in joules.
- Gravitational potential energy of gas eruptions at highest height, measured in joules.
- Translational kinetic energy of gas eruptions at surface, measured in joules.
- Translational kinetic energy of gas eruptions at highest height, measured in joules.
- Energy losses due to nonconservative forces, measured in joules.
We clear the component associated with energy losses in (Eq. 1):
And we expand it afterwards:
(Eq. 2a)
(Eq. 2b)
Where:
- Energy losses due to nonconservative forces, measured in joules.
- Unit energy losses due to nonconservative forces, measured in joules per kilogram.
- Gravitational acceleration, measured in meters per second.
, - Bottom and top height, measured in meters.
, - Gas eruption speeds at surface and highest heights, measured in meters per second.
If we know that , . . and , the unit energy losses are:
The unit energy losses due to nonconservative forces is 881.40 joules per kilogram.