I think a shovel is a wedge simple machine.
Subtracting the mass of (flask+water) from the empty flask gives:
95.023 g - 85.135 g = 9.888 grams of water
Dividing this by the given volume of 10.00 mL water gives:
9.888 grams of water / 10.00 mL of water = 0.9888 g/mL of water
Therefore, based on this sample, the density of water is 0.9888 g/mL, which is close to the usually accepted approximation of 1 g/mL.
85-12 = 73 degrees needed
4.186 J/degree Celsius, so
73 degrees * 4.186 J/degree = 305.578 J to raise 1 gram 73 degrees
there are 675 grams, so 305.578 * 675 = 206265.15 J
2.06 x 10^5 J are needed
Fossils are important evidence for evolution because they show that life on earth was once different from life found on earth today