Answer:
Probability of tunneling is 
Solution:
As per the question:
Velocity of the tennis ball, v = 120 mph = 54 m/s
Mass of the tennis ball, m = 100 g = 0.1 kg
Thickness of the tennis ball, t = 2.0 mm = 
Max velocity of the tennis ball,
= 89 m/s
Now,
The maximum kinetic energy of the tennis ball is given by:

Kinetic energy of the tennis ball, KE' = 
Now, the distance the ball can penetrate to is given by:


Thus



Now,
We can calculate the tunneling probability as:



Taking log on both the sides:


In this case, the air from the warm area will always start moving towards the colder areas because as the temperature in both lands should be equal. This is one of the laws of thermodynamics.
Answer:
n_cladding = 1.4764
Explanation:
We are told that θ_max = 5 °
Thus;
θ_max + θ_c = 90°
θ_c = 90° - θ_max
θ_c = 90° - 5°
θ_c = 85°
Now, critical angle is given by;
θ_c = sin^(-1) (n_cladding/n_core)
sin θ_c = (n_cladding/n_core)
n_cladding = (n_core) × sin θ_c
Plugging in the relevant values, we have;
n_cladding = 1.482 × sin 85
n_cladding = 1.4764
Answer: B. meteorites, UV rays
The earth's atmosphere plays an important role in shielding the space rocks and meteorites enters inside the earth due to collision with the celestial body. Due to high heat and pressure in the mesospheric layer of the atmosphere these meteorites burned up before reaching the biosphere or hydrosphere system of the earth. The UV rays are protected from entering into the earth atmosphere by the ozone layer present in the stratosphere of the atmosphere. Both meteorites and UV rays can negatively effect the human population. Therefore, the atmosphere is an agent which provides protection against them.