B, heat, is the correct answer. Heat is represented by a capital q in thermodynamic equations.
Explanation :
It is given that,
Potential energy, 
Power dissipated, 
We know that the power dissipated is given by :

I is the current passing through the phone.



or
I = 0.018 A
Hence, the current that passes through the phone is (1) 0.018 A.
Answer:
the maximum vertical height the person in the cart can reach is 18.42 m
Explanation:
Given;
mass of the person in cart, m₁ = 45 kg
mass of the cart, m₂ = 43 kg
acceleration due to gravity, g = 9.8 m/s²
final speed of the cart before it goes up the hill, v = 19 m/s
Apply the principle of conservation of energy;

Therefore, the maximum vertical height the person in the cart can reach is 18.42 m
The AMA is calculated as:
AMA = force obtained / force applied
AMA = 400 / 40
AMA = 10