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3 years ago

What is the difference among the states of matter at the atomic level?

1 answer:

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States of Matter
Gases, liquids and solids are all made up of microscopic particles, but the behaviors of these particles differ in the three phases.
Note that:

Particles in a:
gas are well separated with no regular arrangement.
liquid are close together with no regular arrangement.
solid are tightly packed, usually in a regular pattern.
Particles in a:
gas vibrate and move freely at high speeds.
liquid vibrate, move about, and slide past each other.
solid vibrate (jiggle) but generally do not move from place to place.
Liquids and solids are often referred to as condensed phases because the particles are very close together.
The following table summarizes properties of gases, liquids, and solids and identifies the microscopic behavior responsible for each property.

Some Characteristics of Gases, Liquids and Solids and the Microscopic Explanation for the Behavior
gas liquid solid
assumes the shape and volume of its container
particles can move past one another assumes the shape of the part of the container which it occupies
particles can move/slide past one another retains a fixed volume and shape
rigid - particles locked into place
compressible
lots of free space between particles not easily compressible
little free space between particles not easily compressible
little free space between particles
flows easily
particles can move past one another flows easily
particles can move/slide past one another

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Which of the following pairs of elements is most likely to form an ionic compound?1.Nitrogen and sulfur? OR 2. Magnesium and Flu

Fudgin [204]

Answer:

Magnesium and fluorine.

Explanation:

Ionic compounds are formed by the electrostatic attraction of cations and anions.

Cations, positive ions, are formed when atoms lose electrons, and anions, negative ions, are formed when atoms gain electrons.

When two different atoms have similar atraction for electrons (electronegativity) they will not donate to nor catch electrons from each other, so cations and anions will not be formed. Instead, the atoms would prefer to share electrons forming covalent bonds to complete their outermost shell (octet rule).

Then, in order to form ionic compounds the electronegativities have to substantially different. This situation does not happen between two nonmetal elements, which nitrogen and sulfur are. Then, you can predict safely that nitrogen and sulfur will not form an ionic compound.

Ionic compounds, then require the electronegativity difference that exist between some metals and nonmetals. Being magnesium an alkaline earth metal, its electronegativity is very low. On the other hand, fluorine the first element of the group 17, has the highest electronegativity of all the elements.Thus magnesium and fluorine will have enough electronegativity difference to justify the exchange of electrons, forming ions and, consequently, ionic compounds.

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3 years ago

In a single displacement reaction between Sodium Phosphate and Barium, how much of each product (in grams) will be formed from 1

mixer [17]

Answer:

14.6 g of barium phosphate

3.35 g of sodium metal

Explanation:

2Na3PO4(aq) + 3Ba(s) -------> Ba3(PO4)2(aq) + 6Na(s)

The first step in any such reaction is to but down the balanced reaction equation according to the stoichiometry of the reaction.

The two products formed are barium phosphate and sodium metal.

Number of moles of barium corresponding to 10.0g of barium = mass of barium/ molar mass of barium

Molar mass of barium = 137.327 g

Number of moles of barium = 10/137.327

Number of moles of barium = 0.0728 moles

For barium phosphate;

3 moles of barium yields 1 mole of barium phosphate

0.0728 moles yields 0.0728 moles × 1/3 = 0.0243 moles of barium phosphate

Molar mass of barium phosphate = 601.93 g/mol

Therefore mass of barium phosphate = 0.0243 moles × 601.93 g/mol = 14.6 g of barium phosphate

For sodium metal

3 moles of barium yields 6 moles of sodium metal

0.0728 moles of barium yields 0.0728 × 6 / 3 = 0.1456 moles of sodium

Molar mass of sodium metal= 23 gmol-1

Mass of sodium metal= 0.1456g × 23 gmol-1 = 3.35 g of sodium metal

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lyudmila [28]

The correct option is C.
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List and briefly explain the four types of intermolecular forces of attraction.

kow [346]

Answer:

Which statements describe polyatomic ions? Check all that apply.

Polyatomic ions have many charges.

Polyatomic ions have one overall charge.

Polyatomic ions repel other ions to form ionic bonds.

Polyatomic ions attract other ions to form ionic bonds.

Polyatomic ions are made up of only one type of atom.

Polyatomic ions are made up of two or more types of atoms.Explanation:

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