Which of the following protects the contents of the nucleus

Which has a higher ionization energy: chlorine (Cl) or magnesium (Mg)? Why? Select the best answer

algol [13]

Removal of the loosely bounded electron is defined by the ionization energy. Chlorine needs less energy to add electrons and has higher ionization power. Thus, option A is correct.

<h3>What is ionization energy?</h3>

The ability of an electron to accept or give electrons to another element in a chemical reaction by forming and creating bonds and the positive and negative charges has been defined by the ionization energy.

Magnesium has lower ionization energy than chlorine due to its large size and smaller nuclear charge. On the other hand, chlorine can easily add electrons to the valence shell which is almost full.

Therefore, option A. chlorine has higher ionization energy and can add electrons with minimum energy.

Learn more about ionization energy here:

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3 0

1 year ago

How many grams of water can be produced in the combination of

mel-nik [20]

If 14 grams of hydrogen reacted with 24.7 grams of oxygen 27.7875 grams of water will be formed.

Explanation:

2H2+O2----------->2H2O.

From the above equation, we can say that 4g of Hydrogen will react with 32 g of oxygen.

In this question, Hydrogen is in excess amount.

32 g of Oxygen will react with = 4 g of H2.

Therefore 24.7g of Oxygen will react with =24.7x4/32= 3.0875 g H2.

The remaining 10.9125g of H2 will be left unreacted.

Therefore the amount of water formed=(24.7+3.0875)=27.7875 g

7 0

3 years ago

Propose a mechanism for the following reaction.

raketka [301]

First, recognize that this is an elimination reaction in which hydroxide must leave and a double bond must form in its place. It is likely an E2 reaction. Here is an efficient mechanism:
1) Pre-reaction: Protonate the -OH to make it a good leaving group, water. H2SO4 or any strong H+ donor works. The water is positively charged but still connected to the compound.
2) E2: Use a sterically hindered base, such as tert-butoxide (tButO-) to abstract the hydrogen from the secondary carbon. [You want a sterically hindered base because a strong, non-sterically hindered base could also abstract a hydrogen from one of the two methyl groups on the tertiary carbon, and that leads to unwanted products, which is not efficient]. As the proton of hydrogen is abstracted, water leaves at the same time, creating an intermediate tertiary carbocation, and the 2 electrons in the C-H bond immediately are used to make a double bond towards the partial positive charge.
In the products we see the major product and water, as expected. Even though you have an intermediate, remember that an E2 mechanism technically happens in one step after -OH protonation.

5 0

3 years ago

Someone please help! Hurry

makkiz [27]

It’s b) Phototropism

4 0

3 years ago

Read 2 more answers

In science, we like to develop explanations that we can use to predict the outcome of events and phenomena. Try to develop an ex

Kay [80]

The question is incomplete. The complete question is :

In science, we like to develop explanations that we can use to predict the outcome of events and phenomena. Try to develop an explanation that tells how much NaOH needs to be added to a beaker of HCl to cause the color to change. Your explanation can be something like: The color change will occur when [some amount] of NaOH is added because the color change occurs when [some condition]. The goal for your explanation is that it describes the outcome of this example, but can also be used to predict the outcome of other examples of this phenomenon. Here's an example explanation: The color of the solution will change when 40 ml of NaOH is added to a beaker of HCl because the color always changes when 40ml of base is added. Although this explanation works for this example, it probably won't work in examples where the flask contains a different amount of HCl, such as 30ml. Try to make an explanation that accurately predicts the outcome of other versions of this phenomenon.

Solution :

Consider the equation of the reaction between NaOH and $HCl$

NaOH (aq) + HCl (aq) → NaCl(aq) + $H_2O (l)$

The above equation tells us that $1 \text{mole}$ of $NaOH$ reacts with $1 \text{mole}$ of $HCl$ .

So at the equivalence point, the moles of NaOH added = moles of $HCl$ present.

If the volume of the $HCl$ taken = $V_1$ mL and the conc. of $HCl$ = $M_1$ mole/L

The volume of NaOH added up to the color change = $V_2 \text{ and conc of NaOH = M}_2$ mole/L

Moles of $HCl$ taken = $V_1 \ mL \times M_1 \ mol/100 \ mL = V_2M_2 \times 10^{-3}$ moles.

The color change will occur when the moles of NaOH added is equal to the moles of $HCl$ taken.

Thus when $V_1 M_1 \times 10^{-3} = V_2M_2 \times 10^{-3}$

or when $V_1M_1 = V_2M_2$

or $V_2=\frac{V_1M_1}{M_2}$ mL of NaOH added, we observe the color change.

Where $V_1, M_1$ are the volume and molarity of the $HCl$ taken.

$M_2$ is the molarity of NaOH added.

When both the NaOH and $HCl$ are of the same concentrations, i.e. if $M_1=M_2$ , then $V_2=V_1$

Or the 40 mL of $HCl$ will need 40 mL of NaOH for a color change and

30 mL of $HCl$ would need 30 mL of NaOH for the color change (provided the concentration $M_1=M_2$ )

7 0

2 years ago