V represent volt which is the symbol of voltage.
Atoms in the same group (column) of the periodic table have similar properties. This is because all elements in the same group have the same amount of valence (outer) electrons.
So, any element directly above or below Calcium on the periodic table would have similar properties.
These would be Magnesium, Barium, Strontium, Radium, and Beryllium.
Answer:
Q < K for both reactions. Both are spontaneous at those concentrations of substrate and product.
Explanation:
Hello,
In this case, the undergoing chemical reactions with their proper Gibbs free energy of reaction are:


The cellular concentrations are as follows: [A] = 0.050 mM, [B] = 4.0 mM, [C] = 0.060 mM and [D] = 0.010 mM.
For each case, the reaction quotient is:

A typical temperature at a cell is about 30°C, in such a way, the equilibrium constants are:

Therefore, Q < K for both reactions. Both are spontaneous at those concentrations of substrate and product.
Best regards.
For the first question, its revise the hypothesis and develop a new experiment to test it
For the second question, the fertilizer independent variable