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oksano4ka [1.4K]
2 years ago
12

Why is pseudoscience bad?

Physics
1 answer:
USPshnik [31]2 years ago
8 0

Answer:

It is quite difficult to picture a pseudoscientist—really picture him or her over the course of a day, a year, or a whole career. What kind or research does he or she actually do, what differentiates him or her from a carpenter, or a historian, or a working scientist? In short, what do such people think they are up to?

… it is a significant point for reflection that all individuals who have been called “pseudoscientists” have considered themselves to be “scientists”, with no prefix.

The answer might surprise you. When they find time after the obligation of supporting themselves, they read papers in specific areas, propose theories, gather data, write articles, and, maybe, publish them. What they imagine they are doing is, in a word, “science”. They might be wrong about that—many of us hold incorrect judgments about the true nature of our activities—but surely it is a significant point for reflection that all individuals who have been called “pseudoscientists” have considered themselves to be “scientists”, with no prefix.

What is pseudoscience?

“Pseudoscience” is a bad category for analysis. It exists entirely as a negative attribution that scientists and non‐scientists hurl at others but never apply to themselves. Not only do they apply the term exclusively as a discrediting slur, they do so inconsistently. Over the past two‐and‐a‐quarter centuries since the term popped into the Western European languages, a great number of disparate doctrines have been categorized as sharing a core quality—pseudoscientificity, if you will—when in fact they do not. It is based on this diversity that I refer to such beliefs and theories as “fringe” rather than as “pseudo”: Their defining characteristic is the distance from the center of the mainstream scientific consensus in whichever direction, not some essential property they share.

Scholars have by and large tended to ignore fringe science as regrettable sideshows to the main narrative of the history of science, but there is a good deal to be learned by applying the same tools of analysis that have been used to understand mainstream science. This is not, I stress, to imply that there is no difference between hollow‐Earth theories and geophysics; on the contrary, the differences are the point of the analysis. Focusing on the historical and conceptual relationship between the fringe and the core of the various sciences as that blurry border has fluctuated over the centuries provides powerful analytical leverage for understanding where contemporary anti‐science movements come from and how mainstream scientists might address them.

As soon as professionalization blossomed, tagging competing theories as pseudoscientific became an important tool for scientists to define what they understood science to be

The central claim of this essay is that the concept of “pseudoscience” was called into being as the shadow of professional science. Before science became a profession—with formalized training, credentialing, publishing venues, careers—the category of pseudoscience did not exist. As soon as professionalization blossomed, tagging competing theories as pseudoscientific became an important tool for scientists to define what they understood science to be. In fact, despite many decades of strenuous effort by philosophers and historians, a precise definition of “science” remains elusive. It should be noted however that the absence of such definitional clarity has not seriously inhibited the ability of scientists to deepen our understanding of nature tremendously.

Explanation:

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Helium-oxygen mixtures are used by divers to avoid the bends and are used in medicine to treat some respiratory ailments. What p
Temka [501]

Answer:

The percentage by mole of Helium present in the Helium-Oxygen mixture is = 66.6%

Explanation:

From General gas equation.

PV = nRT...............................  Equation 1

Where n = number of moles, V = volume, P = pressure, T = temperature, P = pressure, V = volume.

n = mass/molar mass .................. Equation 2

substituting equation 2 into equation 1.

PV = (mass/molar mass)RT

⇒ Mass/molar mass = PV/RT..................... Equation 3

But mass = Density × Volume

⇒ M = D × V.................... Equation 4

Where D = density, M = mass

Substituting equation 4 into equation 3

DV/molar mass = PV/RT............ Equation 5

Dividing both side of the equation by Volume (V) in Equation 5

D/molar mass = P/RT .............. Equation 6

Cross multiplying equation 6

D × RT = P × molar mass

∴ Molar mass = (D × RT)/P.................. Equation 7

Where D = 0.518 g/L , R = 0.0821 atm dm³/K.mol,

T = 25°C = 25 + 273 = 298 K,

P =721 mmHg = (721/760) atm= 0.949 atm

Substituting these values into equation 7

Molar mass = (0.518 × 0.0821 × 298)/0.949

Molar mass = 13.35 g/mole

The molar mass of the mixture is =13.35 g/mole

Let y be the mole fraction of Helium and 1-y be the mole fraction of oxygen.

∴ 13.35 = 4(y) + 32(1-y)

13.35 = 4y + 32 - 32y

Collecting like terms in the equation,

32y - 4y = 32 - 13.35

28y = 18.65

y = 18.65/28

y =0.666

y = 0.666 × 100 = 66.6%

∴The percentage by mole of Helium present in the Helium-Oxygen mixture is = 66.6%

6 0
3 years ago
When did Pangaea begin to break apart?
harkovskaia [24]

Answer:

Hey!

Well according to scientific data and analysis, it started to break up about 175 - 200 million years ago!!

Explanation:

HOPE THIS HELPS!!

4 0
3 years ago
Which term describes the difference in electrical charge across a membrane? View Available Hint(s) Which term describes the diff
Zinaida [17]

Answer:

Membrane potential

Explanation:

Membrane potential is describes the difference in electrical charge across a membrane.                                                                                                              

The difference in potential between exterior  and  interior of the  biological cell is known as Membrane potential.Generally it is denoted by  millivolts like mV and varies from -80 V to -40 V.

So the answer is Membrane potential

4 0
3 years ago
How did Galileo's observations of Jupiter and Venus support Copernicus's model?
Contact [7]
Before Copernicus most people were thinking that the Earth is at center of universe. In 1609 Galileo observed sky through his home made telescope.
He found 4 moons orbiting Jupiter..It was a proof that bodies are orbiting other planets and not earth alone. <span>He found the crescent shape of Venus through his telescope and this could happen only if Sun is at center.</span>
7 0
3 years ago
The tip of the fan blade is 0.61 m from the center of the fan. The fan turns at a constant speed and completes 2 rotation every
Goryan [66]

Answer:

What is the centripetal acceleration of the tip of the fan blade?

6.0 m/s2

48 m/s2

53 m/s2

96 m/s2

Answer is 96

Explanation:

5 0
3 years ago
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