Explanation:
- When a bond is formed by transfer of electrons from one atom to another then it results in the formation of an ionic bond.
An ionic bond is generally formed by a metal and a non-metal.
For example, lithium is an alkali metal with atomic number 3 and its electronic distribution is 2, 1.
And, chlorine is a non-metal with atomic number 17 and its electronic distribution is 2, 8, 7.
So, in order to complete their octet lithium needs to lose an electron and chlorine needs to gain an electron.
Hence, both of then on chemically combining together results in the formation of an ionic compound that is, lithium chloride (LiCl).
An ionic compound is formed by LiCl because lithium has donated its valence electron to the chlorine atom.
- On the other hand, if a bond is formed by sharing of electrons between the two chemically combining atoms then it is known as a covalent bond.
For example,
is a covalent compound as electrons are being shared by each oxygen atom.
The weathering process caused by cycles of freezing and thawing of water in surface pores, cracks, and other openings
COVALENT BOND IS THE BOND EXISTING BETWEEN 2 ATOMS THAT SHARE 6 ELECTRONS
Chlorine (Cl) forms a salt when it is combined with a metal. This element belongs in halogens. GROUP 17