<span>In the 19th century, scientists realized that gases in the atmosphere cause a "greenhouse effect" which affects the planet's temperature. These scientists were interested chiefly in the possibility that a lower level of carbon dioxide gas might explain the ice ages of the distant past. At the turn of the century, Svante Arrhenius calculated that emissions from human industry might someday bring a global warming. Other scientists dismissed his idea as faulty. In 1938, G.S. Callendar argued that the level of carbon dioxide was climbing and raising global temperature, but most scientists found his arguments implausible. It was almost by chance that a few researchers in the 1950s discovered that global warming truly was possible. In the early 1960s, C.D. Keeling measured the level of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere: it was rising fast. Researchers began to take an interest, struggling to understand how the level of carbon dioxide had changed in the past, and how the level was influenced by chemical and biological forces. They found that the gas plays a crucial role in climate change, so that the rising level could gravely affect our future. (This essay covers only developments relating directly to carbon dioxide, with a separate essay for Other Greenhouse Gases. Theories are discussed in the essay on Simple Models of Climate.)</span>
Answer:
3
Explanation:
Applying,
= R/R'............... Equation 1
Where n' = number of halflives that have passed, R = Original atom of the substance, R' = atom of the substance left after decay.
From the question,
Given: R = 40 atoms, R' = 5 atoms
Substitute these values into equation 1
= 40/5
= 8
= 2³
Equation the base,
n' = 3
Answer:
10.945 x 10^-4
Explanation:
Balanced equation:
Mn(OH)2 + 2 HCl --> MnCl2 + H2O
it takes 2 moles HCL for each mole Mn(OH)2
Next find the molarity of the Mn(OH)2 solution
= (1 mole Mn(OH)2 / 2 mole HCl) X (0.0020 mole HCl / 1000ml) X (4.86 ml)
= 4.86 x 10^-3 mole
this is now dissolved in (70 + 4.86) = 74.86 ml or 0.07486 L
thus [Mn(OH)2] = 4.86 x 10^-3 mole / 0.07486 L = 0.064921 M
Ksp = [Mn2+][OH-]^2 = 4x^3 = 4(0.064921)^3 = 10.945 x 10^-4
The answer is head-to-tail joining of monomers. Monomer used in condensation have two functional groups that combine to form amide and ester linkages. When this reaction occurs, water molecules is removed and that is why it is called a condensation reaction.
