Which physical quantity measures fraction of the input energy a machine actually concerts into output energy ?
1 answer:
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Answer:
48.61
Explanation:
See attached diagram.
The level rise in the tube is l sin α.
The level drop in the cylinder (let's call it y) is:
π/4 D² y = π/4 d² l
D² y = d² l
y = l (d/D)²
The elevation difference is the sum:
l sin α + l (d/D)²
l (sin α + (d/D)²)
From Bernoulli's principle:
P = ρgl (sin α + (d/D)²)
Divide both sides by density of water (ρw) and gravity:
P/(ρw g) = (ρ/ρw) l (sin α + (d/D)²)
h = S l (sin α + (d/D)²)
If we disregard the level change in the cylinder:
h = S l (sin α)
We want the percent error between these two expressions for h to be 0.1% when α = 25°.
[ S l (sin α + (d/D)²) − S l (sin α) ] / [ S l (sin α + (d/D)²) ] = 0.001
[ S l sin α + S l (d/D)² − S l sin α ] / [ S l (sin α + (d/D)²) ] = 0.001
[ S l (d/D)² ] / [ S l (sin α + (d/D)²)] = 0.001
(d/D)² / (sin α + (d/D)²) = 0.001
(d/D)² = 0.001 (sin α + (d/D)²)
(d/D)² = 0.001 sin α + 0.001 (d/D)²
0.999 (d/D)² = 0.001 sin α
d/D = √(0.001 sin α / 0.999)
When α = 25°:
d/D ≈ 0.02057
D/d ≈ 48.61
Answer:
a) Thermal conductivity of skin:
b) Temperature of interface:
Heat flux through skin:
Explanation:
a)
Where: is thermal conductivity of a material,
is heat flux through a material,
is the thickness of the material,
is the temperature on the first side and
is the temperature on the second side
b)
The heat flux between both surfaces is constant, assuming the temperature is maintained at each surface.