Answer:
15? I actually don't know
Answer:
The force has been reduced by 8018 N
Explanation:
The impulse exerted on the car during the crash is equal to the product of the force exerted and the duration of the collision, and it is also equal to the change in momentum of the car. So we can write:

where:
F is the force exerted on the car
is the duration of the collision
m = 1400 kg is the mass of the car
is the change in velocity of the car
We can re-write the equation as

In the 1st collision, the time is 1.5 seconds, so the force is

In the 2nd collision, the time is increased to 2.2 seconds, so the force is

Therefore, the force has been reduced by:

You don't convert kilograms to newtons. By the time you've heard of these units, you know that 'kilogram' is a unit of mass, 'newton' is a unit of force or weight, and that mass and weight are different things.
Mass and force are <u>related</u> by Newton's second law:
Force = Mass x acceleration .
From this simple formula, you can see that in order to relate a mass to a force, you need to know an acceleration. And if the acceleration changes, then the relationship between the force and the mass also changes. So there's no direct conversion.
ON EARTH ONLY, one kilogram of mass <em>weighs</em> 9.8 newtons. The acceleration that connects them is the acceleration of gravity on Earth. In other places, with different gravitational accelerations, 1 kilogram weighs more or less newtons.
But they don't convert directly. That would be like asking "How do you convert miles to miles-per-hour ?"
Answer:
the charge per unit area on the plastic sheet is - 3.23 x 10⁻⁷ C/m²
Explanation:
given information:
styrofoam mass, m = 16 g = 0.016 kg
net charge, q = - 8.6 μC
to calculate the charge per unit area on the plastic sheet, we can use the following equation:

where
the force between the electric field
m = mass
g = gravitational force

where
q = charge
E = electric field
and
E = σ/2ε₀
where
ε₀ = permitivity
thus

mg = qσ/2ε₀
σ = (2mg ε₀)/q
= 2 (0.016) (9.8) (8.85 x 10⁻¹²)/( - 8.6 x 10⁻⁶)
= - 3.23 x 10⁻⁷ C/m²