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(G)-->Iron and steel industry is called a heavy industry because all the raw material as well as finished goods are heavy and bulky entailing heavy transportation costs. Iron ore, coking coal and limestone are required in the ratio of 4:2:1 approximately. Some quantity of manganese is also required to harden the steel.
(H)-->Sodium is very reactive in nature. When exposed in air, it automatically forms Na2O. When it is put in water it reacts vigorously and starts burning on water. Due to the above reasons Sodium is called an active metal.
(I)-->Down the group, the effective nuclear charge experienced by valence electrons is decreasing because the outermost electrons are far away from the nucleus. Thus, these electrons can be lost easily by the element to form positive ions. Hence, the chemical reactivity of metals increases on going down a group.
(J)-->While moving from top to bottom in a group of the periodic table, the reactivity of non- metals decreases. While moving from top to bottom in a group of non- metals, the atomic size increases with the additional number of shells and the force of attraction between the nucleus and valence shell decreases.
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- In a uniform circular motion, the magnitude of the speed does not change during the travel and only the instantaneous direction changes.
- This speed is always directed along the tangent to the circle at a given point. (refer to the figure attached)
- For any circular motion, the must-have acceleration is the centripetal acceleration that is directed towards the centre of the circular locus (if the motion has a tangential acceleration, it has a tangential acceleration additionally).
- Therefore, both the directions of the tangential speed and the centripetal acceleration are orthogonal to each other (perpendicular: one is 90 degrees apart from the other).
- In mathematics, 2 vectors (
,
) that are perpendicular to each other have a quality that their dot product (
) equal to zero vector (
) which is written as
.
- This quality can be considered when dealing with the velocity vector and the acceleration vector in a manner
.
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