Answer:
See explanation and image attached
Explanation:
Esterification is a reaction of an alkanol and an alkanoic acid to yield an ester and water as products. It is analogous to inorganic neutralization reaction.
The process may be acid catalyzed. As mentioned in the question, the process of ester formation between pentanoic acid and n‑propanol first involves the carbonyl in going through an sp3 hybridized intermediate before returning to sp2 hybridized state in the product.
The image of the neutral form of this intermediate as well as the final structure of the ester are both shown in the image attached to this answer.
Answer:
a) Mg
b) Cl
c) Mn
d) Ne
Explanation:
This electron configuration for the atom in its excited state violates the Aufbau principle or rule like we have above.
Aufbau principle states "that in the ground state of an atom or ion, electrons fill atomic orbitals of the lowest available energy levels before occupying higher levels."
We however can know and identify which element is in the excited state by knowing the sum of the electron that spread across the orbital and matching it up with the atomic number of the element in the periodic table.
Answer:
3 > 2> 1
Explanation:
Aromatic compounds undergo electrophilic substitution reaction which passes through a positively charged intermediate to yield the product.
Substituted benzenes may be more or less reactive towards electrophilic aromatic substitution than benzene molecule depending on the nature of the substituent.
Certain substituents increase the ease of reaction of benzene towards aromatic substitution.
If we look at the compounds closely, we will notice that toluene reacts readily with CH3Cl / AlCl3. This is because, the methyl group is electron donating hence it stabilizes the positively charged intermediate produced in the reaction.
Carbonyl compounds are electron withdrawing substituents hence they decrease the magnitude of the positive charge and hence decrease the rate of electrophilic aromatic substitution.
A gas has more free molecules, and it is air, not a tangible substance. Hope it helps! :)
Alloys are preferable at times because they offer interesting properties than pure metal. Alloys are made in order to modify or enhance properties, especially mechanical properties. Examples are stainless steel, brass and wrought iron.
