Write each formula to solve for density, volume and mass.

How is the behavior of electrons in an ionic bond different from the behavior of electrons in a covalent bond?

Valentin [98]

Answer:

The correct answer is "Electrons are transferred in an ionic bond"

Explanation:

The covalent bond is the chemical bond between atoms where electrons are shared, forming a molecule. Covalent bonds are established between non-metallic elements, such as hydrogen H, oxygen O and chlorine Cl. These elements have many electrons in their outermost level (valence electrons) and have a tendency to gain electrons to acquire the stability of the electronic structure of noble gas. The shared electron pair is common to the two atoms and holds them together.

An ionic bond is produced between metallic and non-metallic atoms, where electrons are completely transferred from one atom to another. During this process, one atom loses electrons and another one gains them, forming ions. Usually, the metal gives up its electrons forming a cation to the nonmetal element, which forms an anion.

In conclusion, chemical bonds are made so that atoms can have their entire outer layer, and thus have a stable electronic configuration. In the ionic bond, when the metallic atom has only one electron in its outer layer and the non-metallic one needs an electron to complete its layer; The metallic atom seats its electron to the non-metallic one. In the same way, the electron is shared in the covalent bond in order to achieve equilibrium.

Then, the main differences between the two bonds are that the ionic bond occurs between two different atoms (metallic and non-metallic), while the covalent bond occurs between two equal atoms (non-metallic). And in the covalent bond there is an electron compartment, while in the ionic bond there is an electron transfer.

So, the correct answer is "Electrons are transferred in an ionic bond"

8 0

2 years ago

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The following reaction is exothermic. C6H12O6(s)+6O2(g)⇌6CO2(g)+6H2O(g)C6H12O6(s)+6O2(g)⇌6CO2(g)+6H2O(g) Predict the effect (shi

elena55 [62]

Answer:

According to Le Chatelier's principle, increasing the reaction temperature of an exothermic reaction causes a shift to the left and decreasing the reaction temperature causes a shift to the right.

Explanation:

C6H12O6(s) + 6O2(g) ⇌6CO2(g) + 6H2O(g)

We are told that the forward reaction is exothermic, meaning heat is removed from the reacting substance to the surroundings.

According to Le Chatelier's principle,

1. for an exothermic reaction, on increasing the temperature, there is a shift in equilibrium to the left and formation of the product is favoured.

2. if the temperature of the system is decreased, the equilibrium shifts to right and the formation of the reactants is favoured.

3. if the reaction temperature is kept constant, the system is at equilibrium and there is no shift to the right nor to the left.

4 0

3 years ago

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An unknown liquid is composed of 34.31% c, 5.28% h, and 60.41% i. The molecular weight is 210.06 amu. What is the molecular form

ozzi

In an unknown liquid, the percentage composition with respect to carbon, hydrogen and iodine is 34.31%, 5.28% and 60.41% respectively.

Let the mass of liquid be 100 g thus, mass of carbon, hydrogen and oxygen will be 34.31 g, 5.28 g and 60.41 g respectively.

To calculate molecular formula of compound, convert mass into number of moles as follows:

$n=\frac{m}{M}$

Molar mass of carbon, hydrogen and iodine is 12 g/mol, 1 g/mol and 126.90 g/mol.

Taking the ratio:

$C:H:I=n_{C}:n_{H}:n_{I}$

Putting the values,

$C:H:I=\frac{34.31 g}{12 g/mol}:\frac{5.28 g}{1 g/mol}:\frac{60.41 g}{126.90 g/mol}=6:11:1$

Thus, molecular formula of compound will be $C_{6}H_{11}I$ .

4 0

3 years ago

3. A student carries out the clay-catalyzed dehydration of cyclohexanol starting with 10 moles of cyclohexanol and obtains 500 m

IrinaK [193]

Answer:

$49.45~%$

Explanation:

In this case, we have to start with the chemical reaction:

$C_6H_1_2O~->~C_6H_1_0~+~H_2O$

So, if we start with 10 mol of cyclohexanol ( $C_6H_1_2O$ ) we will obtain 10 mol of cyclohexanol ( $C_6H_1_0$ ). So, we can calculate the grams of cyclohexanol if we calculate the molar mass:

$(6*12)+(10*1)=82~g/mol$

With this value we can calculate the grams:

$10~mol~C_6H_1_0\frac{82~g~C_6H_1_0}{1~mol~C_6H_1_0}=820~g~C_6H_1_0$

Now, we have as a product 500 mL of $C_6H_1_0$ . If we use the density value (0.811 g/mL). We can calculate the grams of product:

$500~mL\frac{0.811~g}{1~mL}=405.5~g$

Finally, with these values we can calculate the yield:

$%~=~\frac{405.5}{820}x100~=~49.45%$ %= (405.5/820)*100 = 49.45 %

See figure 1

I hope it helps!

6 0

3 years ago

Sodium metal reacts with water to produce hydrogen gas and sodium hydroxide according to the chemical equation shown below.

UNO [17]

Answer: The enthalpy change of the reaction is -361.6 kJ

Explanation:

To calculate the number of moles, we use the equation:

$\text{Number of moles}=\frac{\text{Given mass}}{\text{Molar mass}}$

Moles of sodium = 0.025 moles

Molar mass of sodium = 23 g/mol

Putting values in above equation, we get:

$0.025mol=\frac{\text{Mass of sodium}}{23g/mol}\\\\\text{Mass of sodium}=(0.025mol\times 23g/mol)=0.575g$

We are given:

Mass of water = 100.00 g

Mass of sodium = 0.575 g

Mass of solution = 100.00 + 0.575 = 100.575 g

To calculate the amount of heat absorbed, we use the equation:

$q=m\times C\times \Delta T$

where,

q = amount of heat absorbed = ?

m = mass of solution = 100.575 g

C = specific heat capacity of solution = 4.18 J/g°C

$\Delta T$ = change in temperature = $(T_2-T_1)=(35.75-25.00)=10.75^oC$

Putting all the values in above equation, we get:

$q=100.575g\times 4.18J/g^oC\times 10.75^oC=4519.34J=4.52kJ$

When heat is absorbed by the solution, this means that heat is getting released by the reaction.

Sign convention of heat:

When heat is absorbed, the sign of heat is taken to be positive and when heat is released, the sign of heat is taken to be negative.

For the given chemical reaction:

$2Na(s)+2H_2O(l)\rightarrow NaOH(aq.)+H_2(g)$

When 0.025 moles of sodium is reacted, the heat released by the reaction is 4.52 kJ

So, when 2 moles of sodium will react, the heat released by the reaction will be = $\frac{4.52}{0.025}\times 2=361.6kJ$

Hence, the enthalpy change of the reaction is -361.6 kJ

6 0

3 years ago