Answer:
HIGH from the supply voltage
LOW from ground
Explanation:
The answer depends on the kind of system and the purpose of the signal. But for practical reasons, in a DIGITAL system where 5V is HIGH and 0 V is LOW, 5 volts can be taken from the supply voltage (usually the same as high, BUT must be verified), and the LOW signal from ground.
If the user has a multimeter, it must be set to continuous voltage on 0 to 20 V range. Then place the probe in the ground of the circuit (must be a big copper area). Finally leave one probe in the circuit ground and place the other probe in some test points to identify 5 v.
Answer:
atomic percentage = 143 %
Explanation:
Let x be the number of tin atoms and there are 4 atoms / cell in the FCC structure , then 4 -x be the number of copper atoms . Therefore, the value of x can be determined by using the density equation as shown below:

where;
the lattice parameter is given as : 4.7589 × 10⁻⁸ cm
The atomic mass of tin is 118.69 g/mol
The atomic mass of copper is 63.54 g/mol
The density is 8.772 g/cm³

569.32 = 118.69x + 254.16-63.54x
569.32 - 254.16 = 118.69x - 63.54 x
315.16 = 55.15x
x = 315.16/55.15
x = 5.72 atoms/cell
As there are four atoms per cell in FCC structure for the metal, thus, the atomic percentage of the tin is calculated as follows :
atomic % = 
atomic % = 
atomic % = 143 %
Answer:
1.737 kJ
Explanation:
Thinking process:
Step 1
Data:
Area of the shaft = 0.8 cm²
Combined mass of shaft and piston = (24.5 + 0.5) kg
= 25 kg
Piston diameter = 0.1 m
External atmospheric pressure = 1 bar = 101.3 kPa
Pressure inside the gas cylinder = 3 bar = 3 × 101.3 kPa
g = 9.81 m/s²
Step 2
Draw a free body diagram
Step 3: calculations
area of the piston = 0.0314 m²
Change in the elevation of the piston, 
z = 
= 
= 0.82 m
Next, we evaluate the work done by the shaft:

= (1668) ( 0.082)
= 1. 37 kJ
Net area for work done = A (piston) - Area of shaft
= 
= 77.7 cm²
= 0.007774 m²
Work done in overcoming atmospheric pressure:
Wₐ = PAZ
=101.3 kPa * 0.007774 * 0.82
= 0.637 kJ
total work = work done by shaft + work to overcome atmospheric pressure = 0.367 + 1.37
= 1.737 kJ Ans