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3 years ago

Explain the process of fractional distillation (include cracking)

Engineering

1 answer:

Grace [21]3 years ago

5 0

Answer:

Explanation:

Fractional distillation is the separation of a mixture into its component parts, or fractions. Chemical compounds are separated by heating them to a temperature at which one or more fractions of the mixture will vaporize. It uses distillation to fractionate

it is the separation of a liquid mixture into fractions differing in boiling point (and hence chemical composition) by means of distillation, typically using a fractionating column.

cracking allows large hydrocarbon molecules to be broken down into smaller, more useful hydrocarbon molecules. Fractions containing large hydrocarbon molecules are heated to vaporise them. They are then either: heated to 600-700°C.

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Peter the postman became bored one night and, to break the monotony of the night shift, he carried out the following experiment

aleksandrvk [35]

Answer:

//This Program is written in C++

// Comments are used for explanatory purpose

#include <iostream>

using namespace std;

enum mailbox{open, close};

int box[149];

void closeAllBoxes();

void OpenClose();

void printAll();

int main()

{

closeAllBoxes();

OpenClose();

printAll();

return 0;

}

void closeAllBoxes()

{

for (int i = 0; i < 150; i++) //Iterate through from 0 to 149 which literarily means 1 to 150

{

box[i] = close; //Close all boxes

}

void OpenClose()

{

for(int i = 2; i < 150; i++) {

for(int j = i; j < 150; j += i) {

if (box[j] == close) //Open box if box is closed

box[j] = open;

else

box[j] = close; // Close box if box is opened

}

// At the end of this test, all boxes would be closed

}

void printAll()

{

for (int x = 0; x < 150; x++) //use this to test

{

if (box[x] = 1)

{

cout << "Mailbox #" << x+1 << " is closed" << endl;

// Print all close boxes

}

Explanation:

7 0

3 years ago

The enthalpy of the water entering an actual pump is 500 kJ/kg and the enthalpy of the water leaving it is 550 kJ/kg. The pump h

n200080 [17]

Answer:500,551.02

Explanation:

Given

Initial enthaly of pump \left ( h_1\right )=500KJ/kg

Final enthaly of pump \left ( h_2\right )=550KJ/kg

Final enthaly of pump when efficiency is 100%= $h_2^{'}$

Now pump efficiency is 98%

$\eta$ = $\frac{h_2-h_1}{h_2^{'}-h_1}$

0.98= $\frac{550-500}{h_2-500}$

$h_2=551.02KJ/kg$

therefore initial and final enthalpy of pump for 100 % efficiency

initial=500KJ/kg

Final=551.02KJ/kg

3 0

3 years ago

How much power is needed to operate a Carnot heat pump if the pump receives heat 10°C and delivers 50 kW of heat at 40°C? at A)

mariarad [96]

Answer:

Power needed to pump=4.79 KW.

Explanation:

Given that: $T_{1}=283K,T_{2}=313K,Q_{H}=50KW$

We know that coefficient of performance of heat pump

COP= $\dfrac{T_{H}}{T_{H}-T_{L}}$

So COP= $\dfrac{313}{313-283}$

COP=10.43

COP= $\frac{Q_{H}}{W_{in}}$

10.43 = $\frac{50}{W_{in}}$

$W_{in}$ =4.79 KW

So power needed to pump=4.79 KW.

3 0

4 years ago

If the contact surface between the 20-kg block and the ground is smooth, determine the power of force F when t = 4 s. Initially,

grigory [225]

Answer:

The power of force F is 115.2 W

Explanation:

Use following formula

Power = F x V

$F_{H}$ = F cos0

$F_{H}$ = (30) x 4/5

$F_{H}$ = 24N

Now Calculate V using following formula

V = $V_{0}$ + at

$V_{0}$ = 0

a = $F_{H}$ / m

a = 24N / 20 kg

a = 1.2m / $S^{2}$

no place value in the formula of V

V = 0 + (1.2)(4)

V = 4.8 m/s

So,

Power = $F_{H}$ x V

Power = 24 x 4.8

Power = 115.2 W

3 0

3 years ago

The wheel and the attached reel have a combined weight of 50lb and a radius of gyration about their center of 6 A k in = . If pu

marishachu [46]

The complete question is;

The wheel and the attached reel have a combined weight of 50 lb and a radius of gyration about their center of ka = 6 in. If pulley B that is attached to the motor is subjected to a torque of M = 50 lb.ft, determine the velocity of the 200lb crate after the pulley has turned 5 revolutions. Neglect the mass of the pulley.

The image of this system is attached.

Answer:

Velocity = 11.8 ft/s

Explanation:

Since the wheel at A rotates about a fixed axis, then;

v_c = ω•r_c

r_c is 4.5 in. Let's convert it to ft.

So, r_c = 4.5/12 ft = 0.375 ft

Thus;

v_c = 0.375ω

Now the mass moment of inertia about of wheel A about it's mass centre is given as;

I_a = m•(k_a)²

The mass in in lb, so let's convert to slug. So, m = 50/32.2 slug = 1.5528 slug

Also, let's convert ka from inches to ft.

So, ka = 6/12 = 0.5

So,I_a = 1.5528 × 0.5²

I_a = 0.388 slug.ft²

The kinetic energy of the system would be;

T = Ta + Tc

Where; Ta = ½•I_a•ω²

And Tc = ½•m_c•(v_c)²

So, T = ½•I_a•ω² + ½•m_c•(v_c)²

Now, m_c is given as 200 lb.

Converting to slug, we have;

m_c = (200/32.2) slugs

Plugging in the relevant values, we have;

T = (½•0.388•ω²) + (½•(200/32.2)•(0.375ω)²)

This now gives;

T = 0.6307 ω²

The system is initially at rest at T1 = 0.

Resolving forces at A, we have; Ax, Ay and Wa. These 3 forces do no work.

Whereas at B, M does positive work and at C, W_c does negative work.

When pulley B rotates, it has an angle of; θ_b = 5 revs × 2π rad/revs = 10π

While the wheel rotates through an angle of;θ_a = (rb/ra) • θ_b

Where, rb = 3 in = 3/12 ft = 0.25 ft

ra = 7.5 in = 7.5/12 ft = 0.625 ft

So, θ_a = (0.25/0.625) × 10π

θ_a = 4π

Thus, we can say that the crate will have am upward displacement through a distance;

s_c = r_c × θ_a = 0.375 × 4π

s_c = 1.5π ft

So, the work done by M is;

U_m = M × θ_b

U_m = 50lb × 10π

U_m = 500π

Also,the work done by W_c is;

U_Wc = -W_c × s_c = -200lb × 1.5π

U_Wc = -300π

From principle of work and energy;

T1 + (U_m + U_Wc) = T

Since T1 is zero as stated earlier,

Thus ;

0 + 500π - 300π = 0.6307 ω²

0.6307ω² = 200π

ω² = 200π/0.6307

ω² = 996.224

ω = √996.224

ω = 31.56 rad/s

We earlier derived that;v_c = 0.375ω

Thus; v_c = 0.375 × 31.56

v_c = 11.8 ft/s

3 0

4 years ago