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3 years ago

Explain the process of fractional distillation (include cracking)

Engineering

1 answer:

Grace [21]3 years ago

5 0

Answer:

Explanation:

Fractional distillation is the separation of a mixture into its component parts, or fractions. Chemical compounds are separated by heating them to a temperature at which one or more fractions of the mixture will vaporize. It uses distillation to fractionate

it is the separation of a liquid mixture into fractions differing in boiling point (and hence chemical composition) by means of distillation, typically using a fractionating column.

cracking allows large hydrocarbon molecules to be broken down into smaller, more useful hydrocarbon molecules. Fractions containing large hydrocarbon molecules are heated to vaporise them. They are then either: heated to 600-700°C.

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2 years ago

Define waves as it applies to electromagnetic fields

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2 years ago

The Fisher effect says that _______ . Group of answer choices the nominal interest rate adjusts one for one with the inflation r

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Answer:

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Explanation:

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3 years ago

Calculate the osmotic pressure of seawater containing 3.5 wt % NaCl at 25 °C . If reverse osmosis is applied to treat seawater,

AlladinOne [14]

Answer:

Highest osmotic pressure that membrane may experience is

' =58.638 atm

Explanation:

Suppose sea-water taken is M= 1 kg

Density of water = 1000 kg/m3

Therefore Volume of water= Mass,M/Density of water

V= 1 kg/(1000 kg/m3)

V= 10-3 m3= 1 Litre

Since mass of Nacl is 3.5 wt%,Therefore in 1 kg of water

Mass present of NaCl= m= 0.035*1000 g

m= 35 g

Since molecular weight of NaCl= 58.44 g/mol =M.W.

Thus its Number of moles of Nacl= m/M.W

nNaCl= 35g/58.44 gmol-1

= 0.5989 mol

ans since volume of solution is 1 L thus concentration of NaCl is ,C= number of moles/Volume of solution in Litres

C= 0.5989mol/ 1L

=0.5989 M

Since 1 mol NaCL disssociates to form 2 moles of ions of Na+ andCl- Thus van't hoff factor i=2

And osmotic pressure = iCRT ------------------------------(1)( Where R= 0.0821 L.atm/mol.K and T= 25oC= 298.15 K)

Putting in equation 1 ,we get = 2*(0.5989 mol/L)*(0.0821 L.atm/mol.K)*298.15 K

=29.319 atm

Now as the water gets filtered out of the membrane,the water's volume decreases and concentration C of NacL increases, thus osmotic pressure also increases.Thus, at 50% water been already filtered out, the osmotic pressure at the membrane will be maximum

Thus Volume of water left after 50% is filtered out as fresh water= 0.5 L (assuming no salt passes through semi permeable membrane)

Thus New concentration of NaCl C'= 2*C

C'=2*0.5989 M

=1.1978 M

and Since Osmotic pressure is directly proportional to concentration, Thus As concentration C doubles to C', Osmotic Pressure ' also doubles from ,

Thus,Highest osmotic pressure that membrane may experience is, '=2*

=2*29.319 atm

' =58.638 atm

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3 years ago

PLEASE QUICK!!! what phrase describes an ad hominem fallacy?

Igoryamba

Answer:

personal attack

Explanation:

it is personal attack

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2 years ago