Answer:
if this surface has a higher index than in the medium where the light travels, the reflected wave has a phase change of 180º
Explanation:
When a ray of light falls on a surface if this surface has a higher index than in the medium where the light travels, the reflected wave has a phase change of 180º this can be explained by Newton's third law, the light when arriving pushes the atoms of the medium that is more dense, and these atoms respond with a force of equal magnitude, but in the opposite direction.
When the fractional index is lower than that of the medium where the reflacted beam travels, notice a change in phase.
Also, when light penetrates the medium, it modifies its wavelength
λ = λ₀ / n
We take these two aspects into account, the condition for contributory interference is
d sin θ = (m + 1/2) λ
for destructive interference we have
d sin θ = m λ
in general this phenomenon is observed at 90º
2 d = (m +1/2) λ° / n
2nd = (m + ½) λ₀
Answer:
10⁴¹ s quark top lives have been in the history of the universe.
Explanation:
You need to determine how many quark top lives there have been in the history of the universe, that is, what is the age of the universe divided by the lifetime of a top quark. Expressed in a formula, this is:

Yo know that the "Age of the universe" is 100,000,000,000,000,000 which can also be expressed as 10¹⁷ s
.
You also know that the "Lifetime of a top quark" is 0.000000000000000000000001 which can also be expressed as 10⁻²⁴ s.
Then 
Recalling that the result of dividing two powers of the same base is another power with the same base where the exponent is the subtraction of the initial exponents, it is possible to calculate this division as follows:


<u><em>t=10⁴¹ s</em></u>
So <u><em>10⁴¹ s quark top lives have been in the history of the universe.</em></u>
Answer: 14.16
Explanation:
Given
d = 38cm
r = d/2 = 38/2 = 19cm = 0.19m
K.E = 510J
m = 10kg
I = 1/2mr²
I = 1/2*10*0.19²
I = 0.18kgm²
When it has 510J of Kinetic Energy then,
510J = 1/2Iω²
ω² = 1020/I
ω² = 1020/0.18
ω² = 5666.67
ω = √5666.67 = 75.28 rad/s
Velocity is the block, v = ωr
V = 75.28 * 0.19
V = 14.30m/s
The "effective mass" M of the system is
M = (14.0 + ½*10.0) kg = 19.0 kg
The motive force would be
F = ma
F = 14 * 9.8
F = 137.2N
so that the acceleration would be
a = F/m
a = 137.2/19
a = 7.22m/s²
Finally, using equation of motion.
V² = u² + 2as
14.3² = 0 + 2*7.22*s
204.49 = 14.44s
s = 204.49/14.44
s = 14.16m
Answer:
(a) The self inductance, L = 21.95 mH
(b) The energy stored, E = 4.84 J
(c) the time, t = 0.154 s
Explanation:
(a) Self inductance is calculated as;

where;
N is the number of turns = 1000 loops
μ is the permeability of free space = 4π x 10⁻⁷ H/m
l is the length of the inductor, = 45 cm = 0.45 m
A is the area of the inductor (given diameter = 10 cm = 0.1 m)

(b) The energy stored in the inductor when 21 A current ;

(c) time it can be turned off if the induced emf cannot exceed 3.0 V;

1.8461 km/hr Well i need more characters so i might as well type a beautiful sentence for you to read and waste your time on.