Generally speaking mechanical energy is energy which physically moves (the object), while the thermal energy is energy from the movement of atoms.
Basically temperature is a measurement of atomic movement (doesn't move object as a whole).
Hence heat.
By the number of Electrons in the valence shell if 1=group 1 if 2 its group 2 and so on Valence means outermost shell
Steps of a scientific investigation include identifying a research question or problem, forming a hypothesis, gathering evidence, analyzing evidence, deciding whether the evidence supports the hypothesis, drawing conclusions, and communicating the results.
There are 12 carbon atoms, 22 hydrogen atoms, and 11 oxygen atoms in one molecule of C12H22O11.
In five molecules there are 60 carbon atoms, 110 hydrogen atoms, and 55 oxygen atoms.