Question

1. Use your knowledge of valence electrons and how they affect bonds to figure out how carbon (Group 14) and oxygen (Group 16) would be attached to one another. In carbon dioxide (CO2), how is the compound structured? (Use “–” to represent a single bond and “=” to represent a double bond.)(1 point)
A) O=C–O

B) O=C=O

C) C=O–O

D) C–O–O

2. Methane’s chemical formula is CH4. Is there a bond between any of the hydrogen atoms? Why or why not?(1 point)

A) Yes, there is because they form a long chain in order to all have stable outer energy shells.

B) Yes, there is because there are one too many hydrogen atoms for carbon to handle alone, so one hydrogen must bond with another.

C) No, there is not because carbon needs four bonds, so it bonds with each hydrogen atom; hydrogen only forms one bond.

D) No, there is not because it would form H2 instead of methane if hydrogen-bonded with itself.

3. In hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), which option best shows how the atoms are ordered?(1 point)

A) H–O–O–H

B) O–H–O–H

C) H–O–H–O

D) O–H–H–O

Answer 1

From the fact that oxygen is in group 16 and carbon is in group 14, the structure of CO2 must be O=C=O. In methane, there is no bond between any of the hydrogen atoms. The structure of H2O2 is H–O–O–H.

Carbon is in group 14 hence it has four valence electrons and oxygen is in group 16 hence it has six valence electrons. This implies that each oxygen atom will share four electrons with carbon in a covalent bond to form the structure O=C=O.

In CH4, we know that carbon is tetravalent so it forms for bonds. Therefore, there is no bond between hydrogen atoms so it bonds with each hydrogen atom; hydrogen only forms one bond.

In H2O2, there is the peroxide ion that has the structure O-O. Hence, the correct structure of H2O2 is H–O–O–H.

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