Answer:
B. Ca2+ import into the ER because it has the steeper concentration gradient
Explanation:
ΔGt = RT㏑(C₂/C₁)
where ΔGt is the free energy change for transport; R = 8.315 J/mol; T = 298 K; C₂/C₁ is ratio of concentrations inside and outside each organelle.
For Ca²⁺ import
ΔGt = 8.315 J/mol * 298 K * ㏑(10⁻³/10⁻⁷)
ΔGt= 3.42 kJ/mol
For H⁺ import
ΔGt = 8.315 J/mol * 298 K * ㏑ (10⁻⁴/10⁻⁷)
ΔGt = 2.73 kJ/mol
From the above values, ΔGt is greater for Ca²⁺ import because it has a steeper concentration gradient
Answer:
This is a tricky one because this person was a massive part of your life, and now they're not. You're probably feeling hurt, confused, lonely and angry all at once. I have been here too and it's horrible so my thoughts are with you! For me, I had to make peace with it. It sounds silly but unfortunately there's not much we can do to try and win them back. If someone can go from being your best friend to all of a sudden hating you then they probably don't care about you as much as they should, and you're probably better off without them :) Seek people who actually care for you, and want to spend time with you. Friendships come and go, and as much as it hurts, if you can accept this and cherish your real friendships (the ones where you can go years without seeing eachother, but are there like a shot when you need them) then the pain should diminish. Good luck :)
Explanation:
