D) energy required to remove a valence electron
Explanation:
The ionization energy is the energy required to remove a valence electron from an element.
Different kinds of atoms bind their valence electrons with different amount of energy.
- To remove the electrons, energy must be supplied to the atom.
- The amount of energy required to remove the an electron in the valence shell is the ionization energy or ionization potential.
- The first ionization energy is the energy needed to remove the most loosely bound electron in an atom in the ground state.
- The ionization energy measures the readiness of an atom to loose electrons.
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Matter is discontinuous, and it is made of tiny particles called atoms
Explanation:
Matter is not a continuous structure, but it consists of tiny particles called atoms.
An atom consists of three types of particles:
- Proton: the proton is in the nucleus of the atom. it has a positive electric charge of
(also called fundamental charge). Its mass is
.
- Neutron: the neutron is also in the nucleus of the atom, but it has no electric charge. Its mass is similar to the mass of the proton (slightly heavier). Neutrons and protons are held together in the nucleus through the strong nuclear force.
- Electron: electrons are found in a "cloud" outside the nucleus. Electron has negative electric charge equal to
. Its mass is much approximately 1800 times smaller than that of the proton, so it is considered as negligible.
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Hi friend
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Your answer
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Water = H2O
Number of molecules in one mole of water = 6.022 × 10²³ [Avogadro's constant]
Given number of molecules = 2.52 × 10²³
So,
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Number of moles =

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Answer:
2Al+3CuCl2=>3Cu + 2AlCl3
NH4Cl catalyses the oxidation of Cu