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Answer 1

Answer:

Ernest Rutherford's atomic models the basis of our understanding of atoms. The model describes the atom as a tiny and dense with a positively charged core called a nucleus with neutral subatomic particles called neutrons. The model includes negative-charged subatomic particles called electrons that orbit the nucleus.

Ernest Rutherford and his fellow scientist created an experiment in which they bombarded very thin sheets of gold foil with fast moving alpha particles. Alpha particles are a type of radioactive particles that are positively charged. During their time, the current atomic model showed that an atom’s mass and charge are uniformly distributed throughout the atom. Using that model, they expected that the alpha particles would pass through the gold foil with slight deflection or even none at all. While the experiment did show that they were undeflected, they were surprised to see that a small amount bounced of the the foil a large angles.

This experiment led Rutherford to conclude that the particles that were highly deflected must have experienced powerful enough force within the atom to be deflected. He concluded that all of the positive charges and the majority of the mass of the atom must be condensed in a very small space in the atom’s interior, which he called the nucleus.  In the nuclear model, the proton and  neutrons are in the nucleus, the center of the atom. Electrons a distributed throughout the atom, orbiting the nucleus.

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