The mass of the cannonball is 10 kg
Explanation:
We can solve this problem by applying the law of conservation of momentum: in absence of external forces, the total momentum of the cannon + ball must be conserved before and after the shot.
Before the shot, the total momentum is zero, since both the cannon and the ball are at rest:
While the total momentum after the shot is
where
m is the mass of the ball
v = 200 m/s is the velocity of the ball
M = 1000 kg is the mass of the cannon
V = -2 m/s is the recoil velocity of the cannon (negative since it travels in the opposite direction)
Since the total momentum must be conserved,
So we can solve the equation to find the mass of the ball:
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