Inevitable manufacturing imperfections in optical fiber leads to birefringence, which is one cause of pulse broadening in fiber-optic communications. Such imperfections can be geometrical (lack of circular symmetry), due to stress applied to the optical fiber and/or due to bending of the fiber.
Answer:
See explanation
Explanation:
The reaction that we are considering here is quite a knotty reaction. It is difficult to decide if the mechanism is actually E1 or E2 since both are equally probable based on the mass of scientific evidence regarding this reaction. However, we can easily assume that the methylenecyclohexane was formed by an E1 mechanism.
Looking at the products, one could convincingly assert that the reaction leading to the formation of the two main products proceeds via an E1 mechanism with the formation of a carbocation intermediate as has been shown in mechanism attached to this answer. Possible rearrangement of the carbocation yields the 3-methylcyclohexene product.
Sodium reacts with water to form a colorless solution of sodium hydroxide and hydrogen gas.
A chemical change is characterized of the formation of new substances or a chemical reaction. There are a number of observations that we can see if this type of change happens. One would be the formation of gas bubbles, this indicates that one of the products is a gas. Another observation would be a formation of a precipitate in the solution, it would indicate that the new solid formed is not soluble in the solution. A permanent color change in the solution would also indicate a chemical change because it may be that the new substance that is formed has its own distinct color when in solution.
Answer:
A = 65.46 u
Explanation:
Given that,
The composition of zinc is as follows :
Zn-64 = 48.63%
Zn-66 = 27.90%
Zn-67 = 4.10%
Zn-68 = 18.75%
Zn-70 = .62%
We need to find the average atomic mass of the given element. It can be solved as follows :

So, the average atomic mass of zinc is 65.46 u.