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Lelu [443]
2 years ago
14

How does water's structure explain its properties?

Chemistry
1 answer:
My name is Ann [436]2 years ago
3 0

We know that water is tasteless, odorless, and transparent. In small quantities, it is also colorless. However, when a large amount of water is observed, as in a lake or the ocean, it is actually light blue in color. The blue hue of water is an intrinsic property and is caused by selective absorption and scattering of white light. These and other properties of water depend on its chemical structure.The transparency of water is important for organisms that live in water. Because water is transparent, sunlight can pass through it. Sunlight is needed by water plants and other water organisms for photosynthesis.Chemical Structure of WaterEach molecule of water consists of one atom of oxygen and two atoms of hydrogen, so it has the chemical formula H2O. The arrangement of atoms in a water molecule explains many of water’s chemical properties. In each water molecule, the nucleus of the oxygen atom (with 8 positively charged protons) attracts electrons much more strongly than do the hydrogen nuclei (with only one positively charged proton). This results in a negative electrical charge near the oxygen atom (due to the "pull" of the negatively charged electrons toward the oxygen nucleus) and a positive electrical charge near the hydrogen atoms. A difference in electrical charge between different parts of a molecule is called polarity. A polar molecule is a molecule in which part of the molecule is positively charged and part of the molecule is negatively charged.

•Hydrogen Bonding-

Opposite electrical charges attract one another. Therefore, the positive part of one water molecule is attracted to the negative parts of other water molecules. Because of this attraction, bonds form between hydrogen and oxygen atoms of adjacent water molecules. This type of bond always involves a hydrogen atom, so it is called a hydrogen bond. Hydrogen bonds are bonds between molecules, and they are not as strong as bonds within molecules. Nonetheless, they help hold water molecules together.

•Sticky, Wet Water-

Water has some unusual properties due to its hydrogen bonds. One property is cohesion, the tendency for water molecules to stick together. The cohesive forces between water molecules are responsible for the phenomenon known as surface tension. The molecules at the surface do not have other like molecules on all sides of them and consequently they cohere more strongly to those directly associated with them on the surface. For example, if you drop a tiny amount of water onto a very smooth surface, the water molecules will stick together and form a droplet, rather than spread out over the surface. The same thing happens when water slowly drips from a leaky faucet. The water doesn't fall from the faucet as individual water molecules but as droplets of water.

•Density of Ice and Water-

The melting point of water is 0°C. Below this temperature, water is a solid (ice). Unlike most chemical substances, water in a solid state has a lower density than water in a liquid state. This is because water expands when it freezes. Again, hydrogen bonding is the reason. Hydrogen bonds cause water molecules to line up less efficiently in ice than in liquid water. As a result, water molecules are spaced farther apart in ice, giving ice a lower density than liquid water. A substance with lower density floats on a substance with higher density. This explains why ice floats on liquid water, whereas many other solids sink to the bottom of liquid water.In a large body of water, such as a lake or the ocean, the water with the greatest density always sinks to the bottom. Water is most dense at about 4°C. As a result, the water at the bottom of a lake or the ocean usually has temperature of about 4°C. In climates with cold winters, this layer of 4°C water insulates the bottom of a lake from freezing temperatures. Lake organisms such as fish can survive the winter by staying in this cold, but unfrozen, water at the bottom of the lake.

Hope it helps

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Radiant energy or electrical energy
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3 years ago
A student is instructed to make 1 L of a 2.0 M solution of CaCl2 using dry salt. How should he do this?
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<span>The student should follow following steps to make 1 L of </span>2.0 M CaCl₂.<span>
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1. First he should calculate the number of moles of 2.0 M CaCl</span></span>₂ in 1 L solution.<span>

</span>Molarity of the solution = 2.0 M<span>
Volume of solution which should be prepared = 1 L

Molarity = number of moles / volume of the solution

Hence, number of moles in 1 L = 2 mol

2. Find out the mass of dry CaCl</span>₂ in 2 moles.<span>

moles = mass / molar mass

Moles of CaCl₂ = 2 mol</span><span>
Molar mass of CaCl₂ = </span><span>110.98 g/mol

Hence, mass of CaCl</span>₂ = 2 mol x <span>110.98 g/mol
                                     = 221.96 g

3. Weigh the mass accurately 

4. Then take a cleaned and dry1 L volumetric flask and place a funnel top of it. Then carefully add the salt into the volumetric flask and finally wash the funnel and watch glass with de-ionized water. That water also should be added into the volumetric flask.

5. Then add some de-ionized water into the volumetric flask and swirl well until all salt are dissolved.

<span>6. Then top up to mark of the volumetric flask carefully. 
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7. As the final step prepared solution should be labelled.
4 0
3 years ago
How many moles of MgSiO3 are in 237g of the compound?
Anna35 [415]
For this, we first calculate molecular weight of MgSiO₃:
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Mg = 24
Si = 28
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Mr = 24 + 28 + 16 x 3
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6 0
3 years ago
In the first distillation this week, which component of the original solvent mixture makes the larger contribution to the vapor
Olenka [21]

In the first distillation this week, Hexane from the original solvent makes a larger contribution to the vapor pressure of the mixture.

In between hexane and toluene, the hexane will have more vapor pressure contribution in the solution. The boiling point of hexane is much lower than toluene. Therefore, it will evaporate easily at low temperatures and start exerting pressure on the solution.

Hence between hexane and toluene, because of more vapor pressure of hexane and lower boiling point, it will easily evaporate and exerts pressure.

Therefore, from the original solvent, hexane makes a larger contribution to the vapor pressure of the mixture.

To learn more about vapor pressure and hexane, visit: brainly.com/question/28206662

#SPJ4

7 0
1 year ago
How many milliliters of 0.0896M LiOH are required to titrate 25.0 mL of 0.0759M HBr to the equivalence point?
slavikrds [6]

Answer:

V_{LiOH}=21.8mL

Explanation:

Hello,

In this case, during titration at the equivalence point, we find that the moles of the base equals the moles of the acid:

n_{LiOH}=n_{HBr}

That it terms of molarities and volumes we have:

M_{LiOH}V_{LiOH}=M_{HBr}V_{HBr}

Next, solving for the volume of lithium hydroxide we obtain:

V_{LiOH}=\frac{M_{HBr}V_{HBr}}{M_{LiOH}} =\frac{0.0759M*25.0mL}{0.0896M} \\\\V_{LiOH}=21.8mL

Best regards.

8 0
3 years ago
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