<span>Melting of ice is an endothermic process, meaning that energy is absorbed. When ice spontaneously melts, ΔH (change in enthalpy) is "positive". ΔS (entropy change) is also positive, because, becoming a liquid, water molecules lose their fixed position in the ice crystal, and become more disorganized. ΔG (free energy of reaction) is negative when a reaction proceeds spontaneously, as it happens in this case. Ice spontaneously melts at temperatures higher than 0°C. However, liquid water also spontaneously freezes at temperatures below 0°C. Therefore the temperature is instrumental in determining which "melting" of ice, or "freezing" of water becomes spontaneous. The whole process is summarized in the Gibbs free energy equation:
ΔG = ΔH – TΔS</span>
Answer:
From lowest to highest acceleration:
3rd train
2nd train
1st train
Explanation:
The acceleration of an object can be found by using Newton's second law:
where
a is the acceleration
F is the net force on the object
m is the mass of the object
We notice that for equal values of the forces F, the acceleration a is inversely proportional to the mass, m. Therefore, greater mass means lower acceleration, and viceversa.
So, the train with lowest acceleration is the one with largest mass, i.e. the 3rd train consisting of 50 equally loaded freight cars. Then, the 2nd train has larger acceleration, since it consists of 50 empty freight cars (so its mass is smaller). Finally, the 1st train (a single empty car) is the one with largest acceleration, since it is the train with smallest mass.
I understand that electric field can exist without any magnetic field, although it is also generated by varying magnetic field, but as much I know, magnetic fields don't exist independently, they are generated by varying electric field or moving charge. Even in any magnetic substance, magnetic field is generated due to electrons orbiting the nucleus, and electrons have their own electric field, so electric field is present there as well.
A=(v2-v1)/t
v2=0,6m/s
v1=2,4m/s
t=4s
a=(0,6-2,4)/4=-1,8/4=-0,45 m/s^2
