Explanation:
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Answer -C They are defined by the number of electrons.
An orbital is a function that describes the probability of finding the electron with certain energy at certain distance from the nucleus therefore, it is defined by the number of electrons.
The atomic number is the number of protons in the nucleus of an atom. The number of protons define the identity of an element (i.e., an element with 6 protons is a carbon atom, no matter how many neutrons may be present).
Answer:
The usage of gold is generally avoided in semiconductor technology, since it acts as a deep-level trap and recombination center, i.e. charge carriers of opposite sign do recombine at Au defects in Si and get lost to the current.
